MCB 100 Chapter 20.2 Terms

Capsules

Structures that protect bacteria from phagocytosis and antibodies, providing a poorly immunogenic surface.

Fimbriae

Hair-like structures that enable bacteria to attach tightly to human cells.

Adhesins

Proteins that assist fimbriae in helping bacteria attach to host cells.

Exotoxins

Toxins released by bacteria that cause symptoms such as diarrhea.

Plasmids

Circular DNA molecules that can carry genes for virulence factors like exotoxins, fimbriae, and adhesins.

Siderophores

Iron-binding compounds that capture iron and make it available to bacteria.

Hemolysins

Enzymes that lyse red blood cells to release nutrients such as iron.