Period 6- ID Terms

Henry Ward Beecher

A 19th-century American Congregationalist clergyman known for his support of the abolition of slavery.

Salvation Army

A Protestant Christian church and international charitable organization founded in 1865 by William and Catherine Booth.

Booker T. Washington

An American educator and the most powerful African-American leader of his time.

W. E. B. Du Bois

An American sociologist and the most important Black protest leader of the first half of the 20th century.

Crazy Horse

A Lakota war leader who fought to preserve the land and way of life of the Lakota people.

J. M. Chivington

A U.S. Army colonel who led a massacre of Native Americans at Sand Creek in Colorado in 1864.

Sitting Bull

A Hunkpapa Lakota leader who resisted U.S. government authority and was killed in 1890.

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce people, remembered for his eloquent plea for peace.

Plessy v. Ferguson

An 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld racial segregation laws.

Helen Hunt Jackson

An American writer and activist focused on the mistreatment of Native Americans.

Frederick Jackson Turner

An American historian who argued about the role of the frontier in shaping American identity.

John D. Rockefeller

Considered the wealthiest American of all time and a prominent oil magnate.

Andrew Carnegie

A major industrialist in the American steel industry and known for his philanthropy.

Victorian Society

A British organization that campaigns for the preservation of Victorian architecture.

William M. Tweed

Leader of Tammany Hall, a Democratic political machine in 19th-century New York City.

Thomas Nast

Considered the father of American political cartooning.

Samuel Gompers

A key figure in the labor history of the United States, and a labor union leader.

Battle of Little Bighorn

A battle in 1876 that resulted in a major victory for Native Americans over the U.S. Army.

United States v. E. C. Knight Company

An 1895 Supreme Court decision that limited government regulation of monopolies.

Sherman Antitrust Act

A 1890 U.S. federal law that prohibits monopolies and anti-competitive practices.

Jane Addams

A leader in the settlement house movement who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.

monopoly

Exclusive control of a market for a commodity or service, allowing price manipulation.

populism

A political philosophy advocating for the rights and power of the people against the elite.

discontent

Lack of satisfaction with one's circumstances.

manifesto

A public declaration of policy and aims issued by a political party or movement.

Herbert Spencer

An English philosopher known for his theory of social Darwinism.

Eugene V. Debs

An American socialist leader and five-time presidential candidate.

William Jennings Bryan

A leading politician from the Democratic Party and a three-time presidential candidate.

Half-Breeds

A political faction of the Republican Party in the late 19th century; half republican

Stalwarts

Another faction of the Republican Party during the 1870s and 1880s.

William James

An American philosopher and psychologist, the first to offer a psychology course in the U.S.

Frederick Law Olmsted

The father of American landscape architecture, an architect and journalist.

John Muir

A naturalist and environmental philosopher who advocated for wilderness preservation.

Mark Twain

An iconic American writer known for novels like The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

lyceum

A place of instruction or hall for public lectures and discussions.

Victoria Woodhull

A leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States.

NAWSA

The National American Woman Suffrage Association formed in 1890 for women's voting rights.

Stephen Crane

An American novelist and journalist known for his literary contributions.

Susan B. Anthony

A pivotal American social reformer and women's rights activist.

Lester Frank Ward

An American botanist and sociologist, first president of the American Sociological Association.

Thorstein Veblen

An economist famous for critiquing capitalism.

Theodore Dreiser

An American novelist focused on social problems of his time.

Edward Bellamy

The author of the utopian novel Looking Backward.

Mary Cassatt

A painter and printmaker associated with the Impressionist movement.

Texas v. White

An 1869 Supreme Court case affirming that states could not secede from the United States.