Period 6- ID Terms
Henry Ward Beecher: A 19th-century American Congregationalist clergyman, social reformer, and speaker. He was known for his support of the abolition of slavery.
Salvation Army: A Protestant Christian church and international charitable organization. It was founded in 1865 by William and Catherine Booth in London, England.
Booker T. Washington: An American educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents of the United States. He was the most powerful African-American leader of his time.
W. E. B. Du Bois: An American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, pan-Africanist, author, writer, and editor. He was the most important Black protest leader of the first half of the 20th century.
Crazy Horse: A Lakota war leader who fought against the United States Federal government to preserve the land and way of life of the Lakota people.
J. M. Chivington: A U.S. Army colonel who led a massacre of 150-500 Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans at Sand Creek, Colorado, in 1864.
Sitting Bull: A Hunkpapa Lakota leader who led his people against the United States government. He was killed by Indian police officers in 1890.
Chief Joseph: The leader of the Nez Perce people who were driven from their homeland in the Wallowa Valley of Oregon in 1877. He is remembered for his eloquent plea for peace.
Plessy v. Ferguson: A landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws.
Helen Hunt Jackson: An American writer and activist who wrote about the government's mistreatment of Native Americans.
Frederick Jackson Turner: An American historian who argued that the frontier had played a key role in shaping American identity.
John D. Rockefeller: An American oil magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time.
Andrew Carnegie: A Scottish-American industrialist, businessman, and philanthropist. He was a major player in the American steel industry.
Victorian Society: A British charitable organization that campaigns for the preservation of Victorian and Edwardian architecture and other aspects of cultural heritage.
William M. Tweed: An American politician who was the leader of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th-century New York City.
Thomas Nast: A German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist who is considered the "father of American political cartooning".
Samuel Gompers: An English-born American labor union leader and a key figure in the labor history of the United States.
Battle of Little Bighorn: A battle in 1876 between the United States Army and the Lakota and Cheyenne Native Americans. It resulted in a major victory for the Native Americans.
United States v. E. C. Knight Company: An 1895 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited the government's power to regulate monopolies.
Sherman Antitrust Act: A U.S. federal law passed in 1890 that prohibits monopolies and other anti-competitive business practices.
Jane Addams: An American social reformer, philosopher, and author. She was a leader in the settlement house movement and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
monopoly: Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, making it possible to manipulate prices.
populism: A political philosophy that supports the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite.
discontent: Lack of satisfaction with one's circumstances.
A manifesto is a public declaration of policy and aims, often issued by a political party or movement.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English philosopher and sociologist best known for his theory of social Darwinism.
Eugene V. Debs (1855-1926) was an American socialist leader and five-time presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America.
William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925) was a leading American politician and orator from the Democratic Party. He was a three-time candidate for president.
Half-Breeds A political faction of the United States Republican Party in the late 19th century.
Stalwarts A faction of the Republican Party that existed in the United States during the 1870s and 1880s.
William James (1842-1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.
Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903) was an American landscape architect, journalist, social critic, and public administrator. He is popularly considered the father of American landscape architecture.
John Muir (1838-1914) was a Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher and early advocate of wilderness in the United States.
Mark Twain (1835-1910) was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Among his most famous novels are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884).
A lyceum is a place of instruction or a hall for public lectures and discussions.
Victoria Woodhull (1838-1927) was an American leader of the women's suffrage movement.
The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) was formed in 1890 to secure women's right to vote.
Stephen Crane (1871-1900) was an American novelist, short story writer, poet, journalist, and correspondent.
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.
Lester Frank Ward (1841-1913) was an American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. He served as the first president of the American Sociological Association.
Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) was a Norwegian-American economist and sociologist who became famous for his critique of capitalism.
Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) was an American novelist and journalist whose novels were often based on the social problems of his day.
Edward Bellamy (1850-1898) was an American author and socialist best known for his utopian novel Looking Backward.
Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) was an American painter and printmaker who was part of the Impressionist movement.
Texas v. White was a major United States Supreme Court case in 1869 that held that U.S. states could not secede from the Union and that acts of secession were illegal.