HISTORY-HITLERS RISENTO POWER

HOW DID HITLER ENTER POLITICS AFTER WW1 1919

• 1919 He worked for army monitoring radical groups and parties, he attended a meeting from German workers party (DAP) and was attracted to their views as hated TOV, he then attended regular meetings

• 1921: became leader of DAP instead of anto drexler

What was the peoples court

Courts with nazi judges who had to swear an oath to hitler, hearing trials of treason which was set up after hitler abolished trial by jury

What was the concordat

1933 hitlermade a truce with pope not to interfere with catholics if bishops didnt interfere with politics

Did hitler break concordat, if so how

Yes, 1937, 400 catholics sent to concentration camps, catholic schools closed, groups banned

Describe censorship

All anti-nazi ideas banned in 1933

20,000 Jewish books and communist books burnt

Writers,films,artists could only produce nazi arts. Anti-nazi jokes made crime

What was public works

Nazis plan to build 7000 miles of motorways to improve transport and spent 738 billion marks on schools, hospitals to create jobs

What were the results of nazis work for unemployment

Nazis announced unemployment went from 4,800,000 to 300,000 by 1939

Did nazis succeed in controlling church

Unsuccessful as most Germans practised their religion secretly

What did pastor martin Niemeller do

He opposed the nazi restrictions on Jews becoming Christian’s so set up confessional church 1934 and spoke out against nazis through sermon and sent to concentration camp from 1938-45

Describe church opposition

1934 confessional church set up opposing reich church, 6000 pastors joined, 800 sent to concentration camps

How did DAP evolve into nazi party

• FEB 1920: Hitler changed name to nationalist socialist workers party (nsdap) to attract working class as socialist views were popular to gain support

• Adopted swastika as symbol

• Published 25 point programme outlining “beliefs” to attract people

• Hitler became known as a powerful man and speaker (first speech to 111 people by FEBRUARY spoke to 2,000)

• March 1920: Hitler discharge from army and began working full time 1921 became leader

List 3 key points from nazi party’s 25 point programme

• abolition of treaty

• Only true Germans allowed to live in Germany- Jews excluded

• A strong central German government

Who were SA

Hitlers bodyguards that had to wear uniform and military style training led by Hermann goering from 1923, used to maintain hitlers control of Nazi party and intimidate opponents (SPD AND KPD)

DESCRIBE MUNICH PUTSCH

08 November Bavarian government met in beer hall : Gustav von Jahr main leader folllowed by von seisser and von lossow then Hitler burst in and shot gun to ceiling declaring he taking over Weimar Republic and Bavarian state and LUDENDORFF become leader of Germany and demanded support from Bavarian official

09 Nov: Hitler and supporters marched to attack streets of Munich to declare Hitler as president and Hitler assumed to have support from people

• Bavarian officials withdrew support and army remained loyal to government and Hitler, Ludendorff, Röhm, Streicher arrested by goerings bodyguards

Key factors that led to Hitler attempt Munich putsch

• NSDAP growing support 1923 hd 50,000 members

• Inspired from Mussolini march in Italy who forced government to accept him as new leader

• Hyperinflation crisis reached peak making Weimar government look weak so wanted to show he could economically help Germany

Consequences of Munich putsch

• Hitler found guilty of treason and suspended 5 years prison

• NSDAP banned

How was Munich putsch long term success for Hitler

Made him re-think and plan his tactics to take over Germany and realised he needed a new legal strategy to take over Germany and win power like a party with nationwide support, wrote MEIN KAMPF containing political ideas

What was the golden age known as for the nazis

THE LEAN YEARS 1929 as used this time to reorganise party and were a small party

Why was the golden age known as lean years for nazis, why did they have low support

• hyperinflation dealt with by stresseman in 1924 and built economic stability so support for extremist parties were cut

• 1925 Paul von Hindenburg became president who was well respected which increase support for Weimar Republic and not nazis/communists who wanted to rid it

How did Hitler reorganise Nazi party after being released?

• party secretary and treasurer appointed to prepare party for elections

• Built connection with wealthy business owners who supported anti-communist views

• Ran party like mini state to increase support of local parties: divided Germany into regions (GAUES) and each had leader o recruit people

IN REORGANising Nazi party what happened to SA

Didn’t trust them and thought they were more loyal to leader Ernst Röhm so set up SS to be his bodyguards which was led by henreich himmler. 1930 had 3000

What happened in the election after Hitler reorganised Nazi party

Nazis only won 12 seats and 2.6% votes which shows it was lean years

Why did Nazi support increase 1929-1933?

• October 1929: Wall Street crash/ Great Depression

• German economy linked to US and Germans had loans to Dawes and youngs plan

• USA stopped loans and demanded to pay money back and poverty, unemployment increased and people who kept jobs wages reduced 70%

  Led to people turning to party as Nazis promised work an bread in which people didnt have to make them look like a saviou

Explain the failure of Weimar government to deal with unemployment

Chancellor henrich Brüning raised taxes ad slashed unemployment benefits, and unemployment reached 6 million people which increased poverty, homelessness. SPD leader muller refused to support him so burning used article 48 to pass laws which was hated

What did Nazis promise Germany in response to unemployment and poverty from wall street crash

• work and bread

• Stable Government as Weimar government was seen as weak as unable to deal with unemployment and economy

How did Nazis increase support- fear of communism

People turned to Nazi and KPD party as government viewed as weak and many working class saw communists as only party to defend jobs and wages

Led to upper, middle class scared that communists would take all land and money so turned to Nazi party as last defence

When does Hitler become chancellor and what does he promise

1933 January, to destroy treaty of Versailles an fix economy

How did Great Depression affect industrial production

Fell by 40% by 1932

How much di Great Depression cause unemployment to rise

From 1,300,000 to 6,000,000

What did Hitler want for German society

• strong aryan race

• Areich that wold last over 1000 years

• A growing aryan population

What were the aim of nazis towards women

Stay at home, look after family, breed “pure” children for growing aryan race, Kinder Küche Kirche

What were marriage loans , how did this encourage women And what gift were they given

Set up 1933, gave couples 1000 marks for young couples to marry. Encourages women to quit job and stay at home and ¼ loan written off once had child to influence to breed

Also given medals for having 4+ kids

What was lebensborn programme

Set up by SS leader henreich himmler to encourage women to breed with SS men to create ‘pure’ families

What did Nazis do to women employment

1933, women banned from profession jobs like teachers and doctors.

1934 360,000 women quit jobs to be at home

1936 couldn’t be judges or lawyers

Happened to reduce men unemployment as women were taking up job opportunities as 1934 6 million men unemployed

Why did nazis want to increase birth rate

• brith rate was falling in Germany so nazis needed to encourage families to have more children for more soldiers and workers

• Increase Aryan race

How did hitlers appeal to propogangda increase Nazi support 1929-1933

Hitler was seen as a strong leader and likeable, used face and name on eaglet and posters, he promised strong leadership, end treaty of versallies and restore law

Spoke in rallies to influence people and accompanied by Sa whic looked strong which pple wanted to join

How did Nazis appeal to different groups in society

• working class: promised work and bread

• Business men: promised to solve economy

• Middle class: promised to defend against communism and solve economy problems

• women: saw Nazis as protecting family values

How many seats in reichstag didnazis have in 1928 compared to 1932

12 then 230 which shows increased support

How did Hitler become chancellor 1933

President hindenburg made von pappen chancellor who he gets advice off 1932

July 1932: Nazis got 230 seats in Reichstag and Hitler demands for chancellor but was declined naming Hitler ‘jumped in corporal’

November 1932: Nazi falls to 196 seats and Schleicher convinces hindenburg to sack pappen and appoint him as chancellor

Dec 1932: Schleicher lacks support from Reichstag, von pappen convinces to make Hitler chancellor, believing they can control Hitler

Jan 133: Hitler made chancellor

Who was Paul Hindenburg 1932-33

President of Germany

Who was von Schleicher

Army official who was influential over Hindenburg, became chancellor in November 1932 after betrayed pappen

Who was von pappen

Chancellor may 1932- November who was betrayed by Schleicher however convinces Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor believing can control Hitler

How did Hitler establish a dictatorship by august 1934 - reichstag fire

Feb 27th 1933: Reichstag building destroyed by fire by communists, Hitler used it to prove t Hindenburg Germans were under attack by communists and persuaded Hindenburg to give him emergency powers to ban communist newspapers and put them in prison then seats rose to 281 due to ban on communists taking over 81 seats

How did Hitler establish dictatorship by august 134 ban on parties

Hitler didnt want to power share as believed coalition of government made Germany weak and by July 1933 all political parties banned so no other parties having influence over Nazis from public

How did Hitler establish dictatorship by august 1933- enabling act

MARCH 1933: tiler promised Germany strong government but unable to make changes as Reichstag still had control of laws.

Hitler then proposed enabling act which destroyed power of Reichstag and could now pass laws without being passed through Reichstag so could pass own laws to provide ‘stable goverment’ to gain support

How did Hitler establish dictatorship by august 1934- night of long knives

30 June 1934- Hitler believed SA only loyal to room so invited room and 100 SA to meeting that promised them power and when river they were arrested by SS and shot and von pappen, Schleicher murdered. He did this to act before anyone acted on him

What propogangda techniques did Nazis use

• newspapapers, radios, films imposed Nazi ideologies

• Anything oposing Nazi views banned/destroyed

• Posters of Nazi views displayed

• Rallies held to present what Nazis would bring to influence people

• Olympic Games 1936: used to promote Nazi ideas and sho them as well organised

What was the Nazi police state

Government uses police to control lives and Nazis used concentration caps, gestapo to do so

Who were the SS and their role

1919 run by henreich himmler, 1930s role was to be private police force and had 240,000 men , 1932 gave black uniforms, murdered SA officers in night of long knives

Role of gestapo

They were hitlers secret non-uniformed police force controlled by SS and role was to identify anyone opposing Nazis and would arts them or use torture They did this by spying on people like taping phones and were feared which meant it deterred people from opposition

Role of concentration camps

By 1939 150,000 were arrested so to cope with these numbers concentration camps introduced to house people that opposed Nazis, homosexuality, Jews. Fist one set up 1933 called Dachau

How did Hitler control legal system

-Hitler set up nationalist socialist league which insisted all judges had to support Nazi ideas and be members and if any refused they were denied membership.

• Hitler abolished trial by jury and handpicked juries and set up peoples court to hear trials of treason. From 1934-1939 534 people sentenced to death

How did Hitler control religious views- catholics

• catholics made up 1/3 of region which allegiance was to pope not Hitler, Hitler made agreement with pope to to interfere with catholic schools nd give them freedom of worship if priests didn’t interfere with politics and bishops swore loyalty. Hitler betrayed this and 1930s priests were arrested and schools closed

How did Hitler control Protestant church

Protestant churches worked with Nazis combined in 1936 to form REICH CHURCH and made rules that Jews shouldn’t be baptised in there and Jewish teachings from Old Testament removed.

Opposition from Protestants

Not all Protestants supported Nazis Like Martin niemoller who set up pastors emergency league to campaign against Nazi actions. 1937 sent to concentration camp.

Youth opposition

All children had to join Hitler youth or league of German girls

• Hitler controlled everything which put young people off and rebelled as were angry that Nazis tried to control them so Swiss youth and edelweiss pirates set up as key anti-Nazi organisations.

Swiss youth

Group of young people that were anti-Nazi as liked wearing American close, American music and films. Made up from children from wealthy families

EDELWISS PIRATES

Anti-Nazi organisation of young children, mostly made up of boys from working class formed in late 1930s and went against Nazis litres and listened to banned music and books

How did the Olympic Games tur