health science review

Which structure is composed of two thin tissue layers that secrete fluids?

membrane

Which structure is composed of tissue layers that secrete fluids

membrane

In relation to the spine, the kidneys are:

lateral

In relation to the diaphragm, the location of the heart is:

superior

In relation to the hip, the toes are:

distal

Sydney made an incision into a gummy bear. When she made the incision, the anterior (front) portion of the gummy bear separated from the posterior (back) portion of the gummy bear. Which plane was the incision made through?

coronal

What abdominal region is on either side of the umbilical region?

lumbar

Which type of tissue protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces and producing secretions?

epithelial

As you approach a conscious three-year-old child, you notice his face is blue in color. There is no audible sound even though he appears to be trying to cough. As a first responder, you suspect the child is:

choking

Which structure contains a similar group of cells that work together to perform a function?

tissue

Which body cavity is included in the dorsal cavity?

cranial

After activating the Emergency Management System for an unconscious adult, the first responder assesses the victim's ABCs. What does the C stand for in this evaluation process?

circulation

Which term best describes the legal responsibility for some individuals to provide first aid at the scene of an emergency?

Duty to act

When first responders apply universal precautions, they treat all body fluids from victims as:

contaminated

The best way to determine whether a person is unconscious is to:

tap the person and ask, "Hey, are you okay?"

Abby sees a woman collapse in front of her as she enters the lobby of an office building. Abby checks the scene and then checks the victim for consciousness. The woman is unresponsive. What should Abby do next?

Call or have someone else call 911

Which link in the chain of survival has the goal of recognizing sudden cardiac arrest emergencies and activating the emergency management system?

early access

In an emergency, the first action of the citizen responder is to recognize that an emergency exists. What is the second most critical action?

activating the emergency medical services system

Which link of the chain of survival provides treatment to a victim by paramedics or highly trained medical personnel?

early advanced care

Which individual, trained in emergency care, is the link between the citizen who recognizes an emergency and advanced out-of-hospital care provided by medical professionals?

first responder

In relation to skin, muscle is:

deep

Which cavity contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum?

pelvic

The muscles of the digestive tract move food along without conscious control. This involuntary type of muscle is known as:

smooth muscle

Which abdominal region is below the lumbar region?

iliac

Which body cavity has the most inferior location?

pelvic

A first responder determines the scene is safe and approaches the victim. The next action step should be to:

tap and shout to determine the victim's level of consciousness.

Which guideline will help ensure one's personal safety at an emergency scene?

taking the time to evaluate the scene before proceeding

Which organ is found in the buccal cavity?

palate

Liam suffered an injury to his Achilles tendon during a basketball game. As the orthopedic practitioner educates Liam about his injury, she explains that a tendon is which type of tissue?

connective

The lungs are located in which body cavity?

Thoracic

During a routine physical exam, Elyssa's doctor had her sit on the exam table with her legs dangling down toward the floor. The doctor used a reflex hammer to examine her patellar reflex. This test is evaluating the action of which body system

Nervous

Which structure is found in the abdominal cavity?

cecum

A victim with internal bleeding has a weak and rapid pulse. He may develop what condition?

shock

Laws that protect people who willingly give emergency care without accepting anything in return are known as:

Good Samaritan Laws

What is the top priority for first responders on the scene of an accident?

Personal safety

A lifeguard outdoors during the summer is sweating profusely and displaying pale, ashen skin. Which condition is the lifeguard most likely suffering from?

heat exhaustion

When Kayla walks back into her house after playing in the snow, she notices the warmth from the fireplace, the smell of brownies baking in the oven, and the sound of holiday music. Which body system allows Kayla to have these experiences?

sensory

When responding to a victim who is unconscious, the first responder assumes that consent is:

implied

A first responder approaches the victim of a car accident, who is able to provide his name and tell the responder what hurts. From this, the first responder should know the victim:

is breathing and has a pulse

Which individual successfully completed a state-approved emergency care training program?

emergency medical technician

What is the relationship of the hand to the elbow?

distal

Tara was asked to place her patient in standard anatomical position. Which position would be included?

feet flat

Melanie was in a car accident. Due to the nature of her severe injuries, the trauma surgeon performed a splenectomy. Removing Melanie's spleen will affect which body system?

lymphatic

Which type of connective tissue allows muscle to attach to bone?

tendon

What type of muscle tissue is involuntary, non-striated, and assists with peristalsis?

smooth

Daniel is working in his carpentry class when his finger slips and is cut by the circular saw. Ashton, another student, gives Daniel a clean gauze to apply direct pressure to the wound. Blood continues to ooze through the gauze. What should Ashton do next?

apply an additional gauze over the original dressing

Rose was eating her peanut butter and jelly sandwich at lunch when suddenly her friend began to experience difficulty breathing and severe itching. Rose remembered that her friend was allergic to peanuts. What action should Rose take next?

Help her friend administer an EpiPen because her friend is experiencing anaphylaxis and call 911.

After determining an adult victim is unconscious, the next step for a first responder on the scene should be to:

Call 911

First responders have certain characteristics that help them work effectively. Which characteristic would be most beneficial?

staying healthy and fit

Aaron is at the movie theater and notices a man falling out of his chair, onto the floor, and starting to shake uncontrollably. The victim appears awake but is unresponsive. As a first responder, Aaron's next step should be to:

activate the Emergency Management System.

George is suffering from chest pain that is radiating into his jaw and left arm. The pain has been intermittent for the past 30 minutes. George is experiencing symptoms of what emergent condition?

heart attack

Which abdominal region is above the hypogastric region?

umbilical

What is the relationship of the arms to the body's core?

Lateral

Which abdominal region is on either side of the epigastric region?

hypochondriac

Which cavity contains the heart, lungs, and esophagus?

thoracic

Which connective tissue stores fat cells?

adipose

The heart, blood vessels, and blood are in which system?

circulatory

Which body plane divides the body into the top and bottom halves?

Transverse

Sebaceous glands produce an increased amount of sebum during adolescence leading to which integumentary system disorder?

acne

Hair follicles originate in which skin layer?

dermis

Sally walks outside on a cold day and feels goose bumps form on her arms and legs. Which structure is attached to the hair follicle and causes the skin to pucker around the hair?

arrector pili muscle

Using a nitroglycerine patch to treat heart disease is an example of which function of the integumentary system?

absorption

Which muscle is located on the head?

buccinator

Ethan experienced pain when he stepped on a nail in an old wooden board while walking his dog. When arriving home, he removes his shoe and sees a puncture wound in the bottom of his foot. Ethan understands that he is at risk for developing:

tetanus

The term atrophy means:

shrinking

On a sunny day, Jessica went to the lake and forgot to apply sunscreen. She returned home with redness to her skin, but no blisters. She has a:

first degree burn

Sally enjoys sunbathing and rarely uses sunscreen. The dermatologist removes a small raised area from her nose, that was later determined to be a slow-growing form of skin cancer which rarely spreads to other areas of the body. What skin disorder was Sally diagnosed with?

basal cell carcinoma

Skin conditions caused by contact with allergens, frequent handwashing, or exposure to chemicals are classified as:

dermatitis

Which structure is an appendage of the skin?

hair

What is the name of the soft area on an infant's head where bone has yet to be formed?

fontanel

Lindsey is eight months pregnant and complains of lower back pain. She has an exaggerated lumbar curve. What type of abnormal spinal curvature is she experiencing?

lordosis

The term cervic means:

neck

The appendicular skeleton includes the:

bones of the arm.

Mary has had muscle pain and fatigue for over three months. Her doctor prescribed treatment for her symptoms. Mary's diagnosis is most likely:

fibromyalgia

Which muscle covers the lateral surface of the mandible and is responsible for closing the jaw?

masseter

The outer layer of hair is the:

cortex

The nerves, blood vessels, and glands are located in which layer of the skin?

dermis

Which skin condition is commonly transmitted through sexual contact?

herpes simplex type 2

Children often practice poor handwashing and touch open skin wounds around the nose and mouth. These behaviors increase a child's risk for developing which skin condition?

impetigo

Athlete's foot, herpes simplex, and impetigo are similar because they are all:

contagious

A viral skin lesion that can reoccur after removal is a:

wart

The evaporation of perspiration enables which function of the integumentary system?

regulation of body temperature

Joe flexes his biceps. What characteristic of muscles describes what is happening to Joe's biceps when he flexes them?

contractibility

Circular muscles are found in areas of the body where the passage of substances must be controlled. These muscles are found in the openings between the esophagus and stomach as well as in the anus, urethra, and mouth. What is this type of muscle called?

sphincter

During the first basketball practice of the season, Jake begins experiencing muscle cramps and has to stop and rest for a few minutes. Jake understands that he is having these cramps due to a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles caused by:

muscle fatigue

The organs of the thoracic cavity are protected and supported by the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and the:

sternum

Which shoulder muscle is superior and proximal to the triceps brachii?

deltoid

The term myo means:

muscle

Muscles should always be slightly contracted and ready to pull in order to function properly. This is known as:

muscle tone

The matrix is the nail

bed

Amanda is a teenage girl and shows signs of acne on her forehead and chin. It seems to be worse the day after playing sports. Which glands are working more at this time and most likely causing Amanda's acne?

sebaceous glands

Courtney works in the kitchen at her dad's restaurant. She is preparing fries and drops the hot oil on her arm. Immediately a blister forms. She has a:

second degree burn.

Melvin spent many years on the golf course. He has fair skin and a history of frequent sunburns on his ears, nose, and hands. He presents to the doctor with a lesion that fails to heal. Melvin may have which condition?

melanoma

The wrist is composed of eight small bones arranged in two rows and held together by ligaments. This arrangement allows for great mobility and wrist flexion. These small bones are called:

carpals

In the adult cranium, suture lines are noted where separate bones have fused together to form what type of joint?

synarthrosis

The outer covering of long bones is known as the:

periosteum

The outer covering of long bones is known as the:

periosteum

Lou's grandmother suffered a fracture and complains that she is shorter than all her sisters. She used to be the tallest. What disorder would explain this condition?

osteoporosis

Preston was born with a genetic disorder that was undiagnosed until he was in preschool. His muscles began getting weaker and he lost his ability to walk at age 10. While his condition is incurable, treatments include: medications, assistive devices, and physical and respiratory therapy. What disorder does Preston have?

muscular dystrophy

It is very cold while Sam is waiting at the bus stop. His mom tells him to run in place or jump up and down until the bus arrives. Which function of the muscular system is being used?

body heat