Biology chapter 6

autotrophs

organisms that produce their own food (producers)

heterotrophs

can’t make their own food. have to get energy from other living things that store chemical energy (consumers)

anabolism

combines small molecules to make larger ones that store energy

catabolism

breaks down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy in the form of heat

metabolism

all the processes that get, save, and spend energy in an organism. to get/use energy

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

3 parts - phosphate groups, adenine, ribose

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

the molecule that is responsible for the energy of life extends down to the molecular level so also the information of life is coded in the molecules of the cell

base pair

pairs of nucleotides

replication

when the strands have been unzipped and matching nucleotides are linked together, 2 copies have been created

mutation

mistakes in the replication process

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

single strand nucleic acid

transcription

Sell makes a copy of a section of DNA, but this copy has only one strand with a few modifications. This single strand nucleic acid is called ribonucleic acid. Takes place in the nucleus

translation

When the newly transcribed strand of RNA leaves the nucleus to go to the cytoplasm where cellular machines read it in order to assemble amino acids into proteins

anticodon

3 unattached bases, which align with codons

protein synthesis

when 2 anticodons are lined up with their corresponding codons, they dock to form an apeptide bond between their amino acids

codon

are triplets of nucleotide bases in RNA transcripts that provides the code for anime acid during translation