Untitled Flashcards Set

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of relatively constant physical and chemical conditions within organisms.

What are the three types of passive transport?

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

Define diffusion.

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is facilitated diffusion?

The process where large, charged molecules pass through carrier or channel proteins, moving from high to low concentration without the use of energy.

What is osmosis?

The movement of water across cell membranes.

What is negative feedback?

A process that reduces the output or activity of a system.

What is thermoregulation?

A key aspect of homeostasis where organisms maintain their body temperature within a narrow range.

Define osmoregulation.

The process of maintaining water balance within organisms, crucial for cellular function and overall homeostasis.

What is a stimulus in biological terms?

A change in conditions that can trigger a response.

What is the response in terms of homeostasis?

The mechanism that returns the system to homeostasis.

What are the four macromolecules that carbon is made up of?

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

What is the structure of DNA?

DNA is double-stranded.

What are the base pairs for RNA?

A, U, C, G (where Uracil replaces Thymine found in DNA).

What are the stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

G1 (growth), S (synthesis/replication), G2 (growth), and M (mitosis).

List the four stages of mitosis.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

What is ATP?

Adenosine Triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.

What is cellular respiration?

The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen.

What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain.

What is the result of the complete breakdown of one glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen?

It results in the production of 36 ATP molecules.

What is fermentation?

The process by which energy is released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

What is photosynthesis?

The process where sunlight energy is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen.

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + energy.