________ was a loose confederation comprising thirteen independent cantons, or states, and their surrounding territory.
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Luther
________ first sympathized with the peasants, criticizing the princes 'oppression and pushing them to heed the peasants 'fair requests.
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Zwingli
________ oversaw the Swiss Reformation from his new position as people's priest in Zurich.
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Pope Sixtus IV
________ (r. 1471- 1484) granted indulgences for the unrepented sins of all Christians in purgatory in 1476.
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Purgatory
________ is reserved for those who have failed to perform their penances or have not repented of their crimes.
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Indulgences
________ were initially granted to Crusaders who were unable to finish their penances due to illness.
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pope
The ________ was frequently represented as the Antichrist or the devil in Reformation propaganda.
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Ulrich Zwingli
________ (1484- 1531), the pioneer of the Swiss Reformation, was a humanist.
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Karsthans
________ (Hans with a hoe), the burly, hardworking peasant who earned his food by the sweat of his brow, became a symbol of the honest existence God desired for all people, according to Lutheran pamphleteers.
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temporal punishment
An indulgence was a reduction of the ________ imposed on penitents as a "work of satisfaction "for their admitted deadly sins by priests.
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Pope Clement VI
________ (r. 1342- 1352) declared in 1343 the existence of a "treasury of merit, "a limitless reservoir of good acts in the property of the church that might be dispersed at the pope's discretion.
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free hands of theologians
The Reformation went from the ________ and pamphleteers to the firmer hands of magistrates and rulers in the late 1520s and 1530s.
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elector of Saxony
The ________ and the prince of Hesse, the two most prominent Protestant monarchs in Germany, were instrumental in politicizing religious reform inside their respective kingdoms.
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Zwingli
________ was likewise well- known by 1518 for his resistance to the sale of indulgences and religious superstition.
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Flashcard (126)