Unit 6: Gilded Age/Progressive/Frontier/Imperialism

Populism

A political movement that supports the concerns of ordinary people.

Urbanization

Rapid population shift from rural areas to urban areas due to industrialization.

Imperialism

A policy extending the country’s power and influence through military force.

Laissez-Faire

Minimal government intervention.

Tenement

An overcrowded and run-down building, often in urban areas.

Aquisition

The act of gaining possession of land or territory.

Assimilation

The process where a person or group adopts the culture of another group.

Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership and free markets.

Horizontal Integration

The buying or merging of similar companies across one industry.

Recall

A vote to remove an elected official by the public.

Referendum

Direct vote by the people on a proposal, a law, or a political issue.

Initiative

Power of the people to directly propose and enact laws.

Vertical Integration

The buying or merging of companies across all levels of production.

Political Machine

Party organization that recruits members by incentives (money)

Conservation

Policy that stated that the U.S. should save some of its land for national parks but also use some of its resources.

Monopoly/Trust

A single company has an unreasonable amount of control over a market.

Social Darwinism

A belief that certain people are naturally better and become powerful.

Gospel of Wealth

The rich have a responsibility to spend their money for the greater good.

Old Immigrants

Came to America (1820-1890) from Northwestern Europe.

New Immigrants

Came to America (1890-1920) from Southern, Eastern Europe, and Asia.

Sitting Bull

Leader of the Lakota Sioux people.

Samuel Gompers

Labor leader of the American Federation of Labor.

Ida B. Wells

A journalist and activist who shed light on conditions of African Americans in the South, specifically lynchings.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino led his country to independence by fighting against Spain and then the Americans.

Henry Ford

Inventor of the Model T automobile and introduced the assembly line.

Boss Tweed

Leader of the Democratic political machine Tammany Hall.

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist who brought down Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

The Commodore who built his wealth on railroads and shipping.

Ida Tarbell

Muckraking writer of “The History of Standard Oil” which caused a trial to break it.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraking writer of “The Jungle” which brought about changes in food.

WEB DuBois

Believed that African Americans should demand Civil Rights; started in NAACP.

Booker T. Washington

Founder of the Tuskegee Institute that helped blacks with self-help.

Thomas Edison

Inventor of hundereds of electrical products in the late 1800s.

John Rockefeller

Robber Baron who made his fourtune from his monopoly of oil refineries.

JP Morgan

Robber Baron who controlled the financial institutions and part of many Trusts.

Andrew Carnegie

Robber Baron who made his fourtune from his monopoly of the steel industry.

Jane Addams

An activist on the frontline of the settlement house movement.

NAACP

Organization that advocates for civil rights and social justice.

Teddy Roosevelt

Progressive Era President who added millions of acres for conservation.

Assembly line

A way to build complex items as it moves from person to person on a conveyor belt.

Barb Wire

Clusters of short, sharp spikes set at intervals to make a fence.

Telephone

A system of transmitting voices over a distance using wire or radio.

Railroad

A system of tracks with trains.

Steel

A metal alloy made up of iron and carbon (incredibly strong).

Oil

A fossil fuel and nonrenewable energy source used for power.

Electricity

A form of energy from charged particles.

Telegraph

A device that sends information over long distances converting the message into electric impulses.

Advertising

The promotion of a commercial product or service.

Philippine-American War

Fight over Independence instead of a change in colonial rulers.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law which did not allow immigrants from China to enter the United States.

Tammany Hall

Political Machine in New York City led by the corrupt Boss Tweed.

Ellis Island

Entry point for many New Immigrants from Europe.

Settlement Houses

Organization that provides services to the poor and immigrants.

Little Big Horn

Indian battle led by Crazy Horse in which they wiped out the 7th Calvary.

Wounded Knee

Indian massacre after the Ghost Dance about the killing off of the buffalo.

Angel Island

Entry point for many New Immigants from Asia.

AFL

Labor union of skilled workers (mostly white men).

Roosevelt Corollary

The U.S. had the responsibility to preserve and protect the western hemisphere (can be anywhere now).

Spanish-American War

Conflict between U.S. and Spain over the explosion of the USS Maine.

Great White Fleet

The U.S. Navy’s nickname at the turn of the century.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Book about an enslaved person, depicted as saintly and dignified.

How the Other Half Lives

Book that depicted slum life and how the poor lived in tenement houses.

The jungle

Book that exposed the meat packing industry; led to the Meat Inspection Act.

The History of Standard Oil

Book that exposed the negatives of monopolies and led to an anti-trust case.

Muckrackers

Writers in the Progressive Era who exposed poverty and corruption in society.

Yellow Journalism

“Sensationalism of the news” which used emotions rather than facts.

What does this picture depict?

Monopoly

What does this picture depict?

Teddy Roosevelt Coorelary

What does this picture depict?

Tenements

What does this picture depict?

Sitting Bull

What does this picture depict?

Boss Tweed

What does this picture depict?

Transcontinental Railroad

What does this picture depict?

Teddy Roosevelt at Yellowstone park