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What are the biomolecules in human bodies
Carbohydrates, lipids, water, protein, inorganic ions
What percentage of carbohydrates are present in human bodies
0.5
What percentage of lipids are present in human bodies
15
What percentage of water is present in human bodies
70
What percentage of protein is present in human bodies
12
What elements are present in carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What elements are present in lipids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What elements are present in proteins
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What is the main use of carbohydrates
energy
What are lipids used for
Store energy and make cell membranes
What are minerals used for
In small amounts to make body chemicals
What are fibres used for
To keep bowels working properly
What are vitamins used for
In small amounts for cells to work properly
What are proteins used for
growth and repair
What is water used for
Chemical reactions to occur and for transport
What can proteins be broken down into
Monomers called amino acids
What is one protein made from
12 amino acids
What are lipids broken down into
During digestion, the enzyme lipase breaks the lipid down into fatty acid and glycerol. This occurs in the first part of the small intestine, duodenum
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts in metabolic reactions
How does temperature affect enzyme function
Temperature increases (RofR increases) and above the enzyme’s optimum temperature, the active site changes shape and substrate fits less easily (RofR decreases)
How does pH affect enzyme function
Different enzymes have different pHs. Extreme pHs cause the enzyme to denature (changes shape of active site, substrate no longer fits) this is irreversible
Note
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