Biology Unit 2 Test Review

Cilia

Smaller and more numerous structures used for locomotion.

Flagella

Singular and large structures used for locomotion.

Aquaporins

Water channels that are a type of channel protein.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelles with vesicles and folded membranes involved in intracellular transportation and secretion.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site for protein processing, synthesis, and storage.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site for storage of lipids and steroids.

Lysosome

Organelles that recycle dead organelles.

Fatty Acid

Tails of phospholipids; types of lipids and fats found in food.

Glycerol

Heads of phospholipids.

Glycogen

Storage form of energy (glucose) in animals.

Cellulose

A carbohydrate that forms cell walls.

Starch

Storage form of energy (glucose) in plants.

Saturated Fats

Fats with only single carbon chains, solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fats

Fats with at least one double or triple carbon chain, typically liquid at room temperature.

Trans Fats

Solid fats that last longer, often with altered chemical structures.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A semi-permeable membrane with hydrophilic outside and hydrophobic inside.

Protein Channels and Pumps

Structures that provide special access for certain molecules into and out of the cell.

Cholesterol

Molecule that maintains membrane fluidity and stability.

Carbohydrate

Biomolecule with a ring structure, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO).

Lipid

Biomolecule with a long string structure, composed of carbon and hydrogen (CHO).

Protein

Biomolecule made of amino acids (marbles) forming long chains, composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).

Nucleic Acid

Complex biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHONP).