GCSE AQA chemistry - organic chemistry (triple)

what is crude oil made from

long dead animals and plants (through heat and pressure)

define the term hydrocarbon

made from hydrogen and carbon

what is an alkane

a saturated hydrocarbon (contains only single carbon bonds)

what is the formula for an alkane

CnH2n+2

what is the order for hydrocarbon prefixes

meth eth prop but

what is complete combustion

burning with plenty of oxygen

what are the products of complete combustion

carbon dioxide and water

How do you make crude oil useful

fractional distillation

what does fractional distillation do

separates the mixture of hydrocarbons in crude oil into similar sized alkanes, to make them much more useful

Describe the process of fractional distillation

Heat the oil (~360), put heated oil into fractionating column, gases will rise up cool and condense, as a liquid the fractions are removed

what are the products of incomplete combustion

carbon, carbon monoxide and water

define the term monomer

small molecule that comes together to make a polymer

define the term polymer

long chain molecule made of repeated monomers

how is a polymer formed

when alkenes react to form a long chain

how do you form a carboxylic acid

oxidising an alcohol

how do you form an alcohol (from an alkene)

reacting an alkene with steam and catalyst

What monomers are proteins made of?

amino acids

What is meant by the term biodegradable?

can be broken down by microbes

Proteins can be chemically broken down to produce amino acids.

What is the name of this chemical process?

hydrolysis