Bio tuition notes

Competitive inhibitor

• Binds to active site somewhat similiar in shape to substrate = competitive inhibitor

Cyanide is non-competitive inhibitor

• Change tertiary structure of enzyme

• electron transport of electrons and H+ ions stops,

• Carriers not reduced

• Muscles cannot contract

What is ATP used for?

• respiration

• Active transport

• Muscle contraction

• Cell division

• Protein synthesis

What happens if glycolysis and mitochondria are inhibited

• mitochondria respiration - ATP small comes from glycolysis

• No ATP made

• No metabolic process

What are ribosomes used for

Protein synthesis to make protein = enzymes = ATP Synthase - ADP + Pi = ATP

What’s an important aseptic technique you keep missing

• allow the wire loop to cool

How can you identify bacteria

• selective growth media

• Gram staining

• DNA profiling

• Use of antibiotics

Explain how lactobacilli inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria

• should be able to outcompete

• Metabolising glycagon

• Lactic acid = decease in pH

Ecplain use of lactose and and sugars used

• lactose is not respired as yeast do not produce appropriate enzymes

• Sugars in cytoplasm

Devise a method to obtain valid results for the growth of antibiotics

• Use same volume of antibiotic and conc

• Incubate for a stated time

• Measure some of inhibition

Differences between endotoxins and exotoxins

• Endotoxins are released from dead bacteria

• Exotoxins are released from living bacteria

• Effect of endotoxins is later

What would preventing the flow of electrons in electron carriers do to production of carbohydrate

• less produced

• Less reduced NADP

• Less reduced CO2

• Less ATP to supply energy

• Less conversion of GP to GAlP

How can weeds reduce a crop yield

• competition for light

Know the Calvin cycle

RuBP = GP ATP + Red NADP = GALP = Carbs

Rate of carbon fixation

• carbon fixation = GP

• Product is converted to starch

• Faster C-fixation means faster starch production

• Rate of growth depends on rate of carbon fixation

• Increased GALP of crop

Explain how energy from light is made available in ATP molecules for synthesis of organic molecules

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