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What is the Market Revolution?
The buying and selling of goods rather than making goods for personal use.
Who is considered an Entrepreneur?
An investor who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture.
Define Capitalism.
An economic system where private businesses and individuals control production to earn profits.
What is specialization in farming?
The practice of raising one or two cash crops to sell for profit.
How did canals impact the Market Revolution?
They helped move heavy machinery and raw materials, linking the Midwest and Northeast.
What advantages did railroads provide during the Market Revolution?
They were faster, safer, more reliable, and eventually cheaper than other modes of transport.
Describe the economic focus of the North during the Market Revolution.
The North was the center of American commerce, with New York City as the largest port city and expanding manufacturing.
What changes occurred in the Midwest during the Market Revolution?
The Midwest shifted from subsistence farming to cash crops like corn and wheat, using mechanized farming.
What was the primary economic activity in the South during this time?
The South was primarily agricultural, exporting cotton, tobacco, and rice.
Who invented the telegraph and what was its significance?
Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph, which sent messages in code over copper wire.
Explain the significance of the Mechanical Reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick.
It allowed farmers to do the work of five hired hands, greatly improving efficiency in farming.
What innovation did Robert Fulton introduce and how did it help in transportation?
He introduced the steamboat, which allowed sailing against the current, speeding shipping, and reducing costs.
What is vulcanized rubber and who invented it?
Vulcanized rubber, invented by Charles Goodyear, withstood hot and cold temperatures and was first used to protect boots.
What was the purpose of the Sewing Machine invented by Elias Howe?
The sewing machine was first used in shoe factories and improved clothing production.
Who invented the Steel Plow and what was its impact?
John Deere invented the Steel Plow, which sliced through heavy soil more easily than previous tools.
What was the Foot Treadle and who invented it?
Invented by I.M. Singer, the Foot Treadle reduced garment production time and led to factory-made clothing.
What were some reasons for Manifest Destiny?
To create a market for new goods, provide land for immigrants, and obtain harbors on the West Coast.
What dangers did settlers face on the trail during westward expansion?
They faced dangers such as weather, river crossings, illness, and accidents.
How did life on the trail affect settlers?
Life on the trail was lonely, leading to the formation of caravans for community and protection.
Why was Independence, Missouri significant?
It was the 'Gateway' to the West and the starting point for the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails.
What were some Native American reactions to westward expansion?
Native Americans either kept their traditions, assimilated, or fought back against settlers.
Define 'Middle Ground' in the context of Native American interactions.
The Middle Ground was a space for mutual goodwill, trade, and guidance between Native Americans and settlers.
What did the Black Hawk War demonstrate about westward expansion?
It showed that settlers pushed Native Americans off their lands.
What did the Indian Removal Act accomplish?
It was legislation that relocated Native Americans from their lands.
Why was the Treaty of Fort Laramie considered ineffective?
It was ineffective because the U.S. repeatedly broke its promises made in the treaty.
What was an effect of westward expansion on the 'Middle Ground'?
The 'Middle Ground' kept moving west as settlers advanced.
What supplies were important for settlers journeying west?
Cloth, guns and knives, and provisions (food) were important supplies for settlers.
