Untitled Flashcards Set

What age range do children spend more time with peers than with adults?

From about 2 to 12 years old.

What are important aspects of peer relationships?

Social support, self-disclosure, sociability, and social skills.

What can positive peer relationships help prepare children for?

Romantic relationships.

What is 'Deviancy Training'?

A process where peer groups support detrimental behaviors.

What are the benefits of peer groups?

They can mitigate the negative effects of parenting.

How can high achieving peers impact adolescents with low parental involvement?

They can serve as positive role models and influence them towards achievement.

What can low achieving peers contribute to for adolescents with high parental involvement?

They can undermine the positive effects of parenting.

What was significant about Harlow’s Monkeys in relation to peer relationships?

Monkeys denied peer contact failed to develop normal social behaviors.

What behavior did peer-only monkeys exhibit outside their group?

Aggressive behavior.

During which childhood phase do peer interactions become increasingly complex?

Middle childhood.

What is a clique in early adolescence?

A small group of close friends.

What are crowds in mid-adolescence?

Large, reputationally based peer groups.

How do peers aid in identity formation during adolescence?

They help adolescents explore and experiment with different identities.

What changes occur during the entry to romantic attraction stage?

Adolescents start to develop interest in romantic relationships, typically between ages 11 and 13.

What stage of romance includes exploring romantic relationships?

Ages 14 to 16.

What happens during the consolidating dyadic bonds stage?

It's when adolescents form more serious and committed relationships, typically ages 17 to 19.

What is a risk of early dating?

It can be associated with adolescent pregnancy.

What are the positive outcomes associated with supportive romantic relationships?

They can mitigate negative parental influences.

What can childhood attachment styles predict?

Future relationships in adolescence.

What characterized secure adolescents?

They trust their partner and maintain independence.

What behaviors characterize resistant adolescents?

Clingy, possessive, and emotionally dependent on their partner.

How do avoidant adolescents typically behave?

They are emotionally distant and may seek isolation.

What is the impact of peer acceptance and rejection on adolescents?

It can lead to various emotional and behavioral responses.

What is associated with rejection in adolescents?

Emotional responses such as depression, loneliness, and anxiety.

What factors impact academic achievement during adolescence?

School quality, teacher expertise, and extracurricular opportunities.

What percentage of adolescents typically work during high school?

80% to 90%.

What negative effects can excessive work hours have on adolescents?

Increased likelihood of risky behaviors and negative academic impact.

How can working during adolescence be beneficial?

It can provide valuable skills, mentorship, and financial help.

What is cultural exposure in relation to adolescents?

Increasing norm that influences behavior, beliefs, and customs.

What are individualistic cultures focused on?

Personal goals and independence.

What characterizes collectivistic cultures?

Interdependence and group goals are prioritized.

What trend has historically been observed in ethnocentric studies of adolescence?

A tendency to favor one's own cultural group over others.

What can cultural messages impact in adolescents?

Self-perception, behavior, and even aggression.

What is a key finding of the 'Culture of Honor'?

Aggression may be acceptable if it serves to protect one's reputation or family.

What was one result of the 'Asshole Study' by Cohen et al.?

Southern males displayed more aggressive responses to insults.

What have studies indicated about violent video games and aggression?

Some research suggests a link between playing violent video games and increased aggression.

Why is there debate around violent video games and aggression?

Different definitions of aggression and externalizing behaviors complicate understanding.

What is a significant psychological focus in developmental psychology during adolescence?

Understanding identity, emotional growth, and social dynamics.

Name one of the major transitions experienced during adolescence in schooling.

Transition to middle school or high school.

What is top-dog phenomenon?

The move from being the oldest in one environment to the youngest in another.

How do emotions, personality, and social aspects interplay during adolescence?

They impact each other significantly, contributing to overall development.

What is one significant outcome of peer influence during adolescence?

Increased susceptibility to peer pressure.

What vital role does identity development play during adolescence?

It helps shape an adolescent's self-perception and future relationships.