scientific method

Scientific Method

A systematic way to explore questions and find answers about the natural world.

Observation

The act of gathering information using one or more of the 5 senses.

Inference

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and observations.

Hypothesis

A testable explanation for an observation, often formatted as an "If… then…" statement.

Prediction

A statement about what will happen next in a sequence of events based on evidence.

Variable

Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types in an experiment.

Independent Variable

The 1 factor that is purposely changed by the scientist during an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The factor that is measured or observed to see how it responds to changes in the independent variable.

Constant

A factor that must remain exactly the same throughout the entire experiment to ensure a fair test.

Control Group

The group that does not receive the experimental treatment, used as a standard for comparison.

Experimental Group

The group in an experiment that receives the independent variable being tested.

Data

Facts, figures, and other evidence collected through observations during an experiment.

Quantitative Data

Data that consists of numbers and measurements such as length or mass.

Qualitative Data

Data that consists of descriptions and characteristics that cannot be easily measured with numbers.

Analyzing Data

The process of looking for patterns, trends, or relationships in the collected information.

Conclusion

A summary of the results of an experiment that explains whether the hypothesis was supported or rejected.

Communication

The process of sharing experimental results with others through reports, presentations, or journals.