Unit 4 Test

Good Luck

insulin

A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues

INS gene

a gene that contains instructions for the protein insulin

GFP

green fluorescent protein
maker protein

Recombiant DNA

a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into a common bacteria

transfermation

the process in which bacteria acquires different dna

plasmid

small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria
removed to create human insulin

genetic engineering

used to change bacteria into insulin used by humans

vector

delivers human gene through the recombinant dna the plasmid

Steps followed to use recombinant dna to produce insulin

1. restriction enzymes cut specific sequences (genes of interest)
2. makes opening in plasmid
- gene of interest inserted
- dna ligase \= glue
3. result- recombinant plasmid is inserted into cell with vector
- where protein of interest is made
- cell with plasmid reproduces copies of gene of interest

why bacteria is used in genetic engineering

-bacteria contain genetic info in plasmids that can be transferred from cell to cell
-bacteria reproduce quickly
-bacteria contain a small overall number of genes

Ori

origin of replication
-dna sequence for bacteria to initiate copying of plasmid

Amp R

makes bacteria resistant to ampicillin encoded by BLA gene

T7 promoter

acts as an on/off switch for expression of GFP

at the end of the experiment, what two conditions are required for bacteria to fluoresce under UV light

they must contain the pFluoroGreen plasmid and grow in the presence of IPTG

what plate serves as a control in this experiment

the -dna plate only

GFP used in cellular biology

-used to visualize specific cell types in intact animals, organs, tissues
-cancer cells were stably transferred
-study cells in embryo

Chromatograph

A process in which a chemical mixture carried by a liquid or gas is separated into components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes as they flow around or over a stationary liquid or solid phase

Hydrophobic

tucked inside the amino acid towards the protein
water fearing

Hydrophilic

on the outside of the protein
water loving

acid base

on the outside of the protein

cysteine

paired/ across
covalent

SDS-PAGE

gels run vertically not horizontally

SDS

sodium dodecyl sulfate
-type of gel electrophoresis
-disrupts shape and charge of proteins so they're the same
-amino acids coats to be negative

polyacrylamide

separates proteins by material
-more effective sieve for sorting protein size

study lab

study lab