How to treat alcohol withdrawl
benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, beta blocker, antipsychotic
feelings of pessimism worry, intense sadness, loss of concentration, slowing of mental processes, problems eating and sleeping
Depression
mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behaviour, elevated mood; mood of extreme excitement, excessive elation, hyperactivity, agitation, increased psychomotor activity
Mania
alternating episodes of depression and mania; mood swings that alternate between periods of major depression and periods of mild to severe chronic agitation
Bipolar disorder
Triggered by a traumatic event that leaves a person with intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings long after the event; Persistent anxiety or recurrent fear after a terrifying event
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
depression which occurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer
Seasonal Affective Disorder
underlying causes
exogenous vs. endogenous sources
neurotransmitters involved in mood
norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
block reuptake of serotonin, little effect on norepinephrine
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
increase both serotonin and norepinephrine
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)
prevent reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)
inhibit enzymes that break down serotonin and norepinephrine
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
major depression with no previous occurrence of mania
Unipolar Depression
Disorder characterized by persistent agitation or persistent,
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Form of depression that recurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer
Seasonal Affective Disorder
A chronic mental health disorder characterized by delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, decrease in emotional range, neurocognitive deficit
Schizophrenia
a state of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events
Anxiety
Exogenous anxiety
Develops in response to external stresses
Endogenous anxiety
Not related to any identifiable external factors
Panic Disorder
A form of intense, overwhelming, and uncontrollable anxiety
difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, may be chronic condition, a short term problem or transient
Insomnia
what are the advantages of non Benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z-Drugs)
short half-life (not hangover feeling)
Pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling drinking, preoccupation with alcohol, use of alcohol even when it causes problems, drinking more to get the same effect, or having withdrawal symptoms upon rapidly decreasing or stopping drinking
Alcohol dependance
what is ethanol
the intoxicating agent in liquor, is an anesthetic
what is dependance
The inability to control the use of a physical substance.
what is melatonin used for
Used for insomnia and benzodiazepine and nicotine withdrawal
what is kava used for
anxiety and insomnia (affects GABA and Dopamine in the brain)
what is St. John’s Worts used for
Used for mild depression, psychological symptoms of menopause (Work similarly to SSRIs)
what shows dryness of mouth, eyes, throat, blurred vision, and constipation
anticolinergics
what shows postural hypotension, increases pulse with change in position
cardiovascular
what shows excessive tanning or burning, steely gray appearance after years of use
dermatologic
what shows hyperglycemia, lack of menses, lactation in nonpregnant females, change in sexual function and drive
endocrine
what shows bone marrow depression
hematologic
what shows deposits of melanin-drug complexes in lens and retina
ophthalmologic
what shows relapse
withdrawl
what shows extrapyramidal side effects
Neurologic