Pharmacology Test #2

How to treat alcohol withdrawl

benzodiazepine, anticonvulsant, beta blocker, antipsychotic

feelings of pessimism worry, intense sadness, loss of concentration, slowing of mental processes, problems eating and sleeping

Depression

mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganized behaviour, elevated mood; mood of extreme excitement, excessive elation, hyperactivity, agitation, increased psychomotor activity

Mania

alternating episodes of depression and mania; mood swings that alternate between periods of major depression and periods of mild to severe chronic agitation

Bipolar disorder

Triggered by a traumatic event that leaves a person with intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings long after the event; Persistent anxiety or recurrent fear after a terrifying event

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

depression which occurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer

Seasonal Affective Disorder

underlying causes

exogenous vs. endogenous sources

neurotransmitters involved in mood

norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine

block reuptake of serotonin, little effect on norepinephrine

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)

increase both serotonin and norepinephrine

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)

prevent reuptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

inhibit enzymes that break down serotonin and norepinephrine

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

major depression with no previous occurrence of mania

Unipolar Depression

Disorder characterized by persistent agitation or persistent,

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Form of depression that recurs in the fall and winter and remits in the spring and summer

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A chronic mental health disorder characterized by delusions, disorganized speech and behavior, decrease in emotional range, neurocognitive deficit

Schizophrenia

a state of uneasiness characterized by apprehension and worry about possible events

Anxiety

Exogenous anxiety

Develops in response to external stresses

Endogenous anxiety

Not related to any identifiable external factors

Panic Disorder

A form of intense, overwhelming, and uncontrollable anxiety

difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, may be chronic condition, a short term problem or transient

Insomnia

what are the advantages of non Benzodiazepine hypnotics (Z-Drugs)

short half-life (not hangover feeling)

Pattern of alcohol use that involves problems controlling drinking, preoccupation with alcohol, use of alcohol even when it causes problems, drinking more to get the same effect, or having withdrawal symptoms upon rapidly decreasing or stopping drinking

Alcohol dependance

what is ethanol

the intoxicating agent in liquor, is an anesthetic

what is dependance

The inability to control the use of a physical substance.

what is melatonin used for

Used for insomnia and benzodiazepine and nicotine withdrawal

what is kava used for

anxiety and insomnia (affects GABA and Dopamine in the brain)

what is St. John’s Worts used for

Used for mild depression, psychological symptoms of menopause (Work similarly to SSRIs)

what shows dryness of mouth, eyes, throat, blurred vision, and constipation

anticolinergics

what shows postural hypotension, increases pulse with change in position

cardiovascular

what shows excessive tanning or burning, steely gray appearance after years of use

dermatologic

what shows hyperglycemia, lack of menses, lactation in nonpregnant females, change in sexual function and drive

endocrine

what shows bone marrow depression

hematologic

what shows deposits of melanin-drug complexes in lens and retina

ophthalmologic

what shows relapse

withdrawl

what shows extrapyramidal side effects

Neurologic