Speech Disorders: Childhood Disorders Part 2

Motor Speech Disorders

Disorders that affect the planning and programming of speech movements, including apraxia and dysarthria.

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)

A neurological speech disorder that affects the planning and programming of speech movements, causing difficulty in producing sounds, words, and syllables.

Muscle Planning Disorder

A type of motor speech disorder that affects the planning and coordination of muscle movements necessary for speech production.

Oral Non-Verbal Apraxia

A type of apraxia that affects non-verbal oral movements, such as kissing, coughing, and lip smacks.

Speech Planning

The process of organizing and structuring the content of a speech, including vocabulary selection, phrasing, and tone.

Speech Programming

The physical movements required to produce speech, including coordination of breathing, vocal fold vibration, and articulation.

Motor Plan

Setting spatial, temporal, and acoustic goals for the articulators during speech production.

Motor Program

Parameters of movement, including muscle contraction, range of motion, direction, speed, force, and muscle tension.

Inconsistent Errors

Articulation errors that are not consistent in repeated productions of syllables or words.

Inappropriate Prosody

Difficulty with word or phrasal stress, leading to choppy speech and incorrect sentence stress.

Speech Groping Behaviors

Attempting to find the correct sound by grasping for it, often accompanied by hearing and attempting to correct the phoneme.

Phonological Impairment

Difficulty with the storage and production of phonemes, leading to incorrect production of sounds.

Assessment

The process of diagnosing childhood apraxia of speech, often done through a checklist and multiple productions of words.

Treatment

Targeting articulatory gestures and transitions between them, requiring attention and multiple word productions.

Dysarthria

A motor speech disorder caused by neuromuscular deficits, affecting respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation.

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

A permanent neuromotor disorder caused by brain damage, affecting movement and balance.

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