Mass Society, Imperialism, and Nationalism

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from lecture notes on Mass Society & Culture of Industrial Europe, New Imperialism, and Nationalism.

Name some factors that contributed to the emergence of Mass Society.

Industrial Capitalism, Urbanization, Advancement of Science, Rise of mass democracy, Mass education and public communication in western societies

How did leisure activities change during the era of industrialization?

Leisure became more passive and something people paid for, transforming into a new industry.

What improvements helped living conditions in cities improve during industrialization?

Improvements in public health & sanitation, running water, sewage systems, dams & reservoirs, and gas & electric heaters.

How did mass education contribute to societal changes?

Education became more widely available, requiring children to attend school, leading to increasing literacy, newspapers and patriotism.

What was the impact of the widespread use of Iron and Steel?

Made railroads common throughout Europe.

What did Charles Darwin explain in Origin of Species (1859)?

Explained evolution through natural selection.

What characterized the Second Industrial Revolution after 1870?

New materials, new industries, new technologies, and new sources of energy.

Who invented the light bulb?

Thomas Edison

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

Who invented the telegraph?

Samuel Morse

Define Sociology or “Science of society”.

The application of science to the study of human behavior and society.

What did Social Darwinism argue?

Nature gave white Europeans the right to dominate others.

Define Racial Determinism.

Race determines personality.

Who was Sigmund Freud?

Founder of Psychoanalysis, studying the unconscious mind and irrational motivations of human behavior.

According to Freud what is the ID?

Instincts

According to Freud what is the Ego?

Reality

According to Freud what is the Superego?

Morality

Define Imperialism.

The domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

What are the Types of Imperialism?

Political, Economic, and Cultural

What are colonies regarding Imperialism?

Territories settled and ruled by people from another land.

What are protectorates regarding Imperialism?

Local Rulers were left in power, but were expected to follow advice of European advisers.

What are Spheres of Influence regarding Imperialism?

An area in which outside power claimed exclusive investment in trading privileges.

What are the Motives and Methods of New Imperialism?

Economic Motivations, National Rivalries, Christian Mission, Racism and Imperialism, and “The White Man’s Burden”

What were the positive aspects of British rule in India?

New Roads and Railroads, Telegraph and Postal Systems, Irrigation systems, New Laws, Exposure to western education, Ending customs that threatened Human Rights

What were the negative aspects of British rule in India?

Indian Resources are removed, Indians forced to buy british goods, Indians are treated as Inferior, British try to replace Indian culture

What happened during the Scramble for Africa?

Most of Africa was colonized, excluding Ethiopia and Liberia.

What were the Reasons for Decline of the Ottoman Empire?

Decline in the quality of Janissaries, Failure to keep pace with Technology, Growing Debt, Nationalism, Losing territories to europeans

What was the “Eastern Question”?

European Powers disagree over fate of the Ottoman Empire

What happened in the Crimean War?

France and England help the Ottoman Empire against Russian Imperialism

What were the Signs of decline of the Qing Empire?

Exam System (corrupted), Internal problems, - “Barbarians” at southern gates

What war did China lose to the British?

Opium Wars (1839-42)

Who was Hong Xiuquan?

Led the Taiping Rebellion

Who interacted with Japan in 1853?

Commodore Mathew Perry

What was the Meiji Restoration (1868)?

Japanese avoided China’s fate and started reform movements