Chem 1062: States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering essential terms and definitions related to states of matter, phase changes, molecular forces, and electronegativity from the lecture notes.

States of Matter

The physical form in which matter exists; common states include solid, liquid, and gas.

Phase Changes

Transitions between different states of matter caused by changes in temperature and pressure.

Vaporization

The process where a liquid turns into a gas due to an increase in kinetic energy.

Sublimation

The phase change from solid to gas without passing through a liquid state.

Condensation

The process where a gas turns into a liquid as kinetic energy decreases.

Triple Point

The condition where solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist in equilibrium.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons in a covalent bond.

Dipole

A molecule with two distinct poles resulting from unequal electron sharing in a covalent bond.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong intermolecular force occurring between a polarized hydrogen atom and highly electronegative atoms like O, N, or F.

Ion-Dipole Attraction

The interaction between charged ions and the dipole of polar molecules.

Ionic Attraction

The strongest intermolecular force resulting from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

London Forces

Weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles that occur due to fluctuations in electron distribution.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction between molecules, influencing physical properties such as boiling and melting points.