SAQ: Period 1-3

Reconquista

Chritians that aimed to drive Muslims out of Spain

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

only successful Native uprising against the Spanish

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon, an indentured servant, because of the lack of protection from the government — led to more use of enslaved labor

Pilgrims (1620)

Separatists from England who were fleeing religious prosecution from the Anglican Church — landed in Plymouth, led by Bradford

Puritans (1630)

Those from Britain also seeking religious freedom, but goal was more to set an example of Protestantism and purify the Anglican church — landed in Massachusetts and led by Winthrop

Barbados Act (1661)

No repercussions for harming slaves

Triangular trade

trade system between Europe (finished goods), Americas (raw materials), and Africa (slaves)

Navigation Acts (1651)

Britain wanted to control trade in colonies, so cut off ability for colonies to trade with other nations

Salutary neglect

England not strict about enforcing policies

Mercantilism

Exports > Imports, no free trade in colonies

First Great Awakening

• Focused on freedom

• led Americans to break with religious traditions and seek out their own beliefs while sharing common values

• led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

• New Lights: Followers of the new style of preaching

• Old Lights: Those who followed the more traditional style of Puritan preaching

The Enlightenment

• intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe

• a range of ideas centered on reason (science)

• introduced democratic values

French and Indian War / 7 Years War (1756 — 1763)

• Britain v. France over control of land in upper Ohio river valley

• Britain wins, gets all of Frances land in North America

• Americans wanna move West, but Britain doesn’t want bad blood with Natives

• Led to Proclamation of 1763

Proclamation of 1763

Law that said no colonists can settle in West lands

Pontiac’s rebellion

After Britain gains new land, take over land in Michigan but had beef with Natives — Pontiac led uprising

Treaty of Paris (1763)

End of 7 Years War, gave all of France’s land to Britain

Intolerable Acts (1774)

isolate/punish Bostonians for Boston Tea Party

Quartering Act (1765)

colonists must house British troops

Lexington and Concord (1775)

Marked first battle of Revolutionary war + convinced a bunch of people to join

First Continental Congress (1774)

a meeting by the colonies in response to the intolerable acts that the British had enforced — response: boycott British goods

Second Continental Congress (1775)

Adopted Declaration of Independence

Articles of Confederation

First constitution, weak central gov, no power

Daughters of liberty

• a way for women to speak out in the name of patriotism and freedom

• organized non-importation boycotts and spinning bees as a way to avoid buying British products and create American products instead

Republican motherhood

Argument that women should receive higher education because they are responsible for raising sons and need to teach them

Townshend Act (1767)

Tax on colonial imports of paper, paint, glass, and tea

Land Ordinance of 1785

• laid out the process by which lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were to be surveyed and sold

• created townships

Shay’s rebellion (1786)

• Economic hardship for farmers in Massachusetts -- high taxes + debt

• Impact: exposed weaknesses of Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention (1787)

All states met to change Articles of Confederation — drafted the first version of the Constitution

The Great Compromise (Connecticut plan)

system of government that established the House of Reps (lower house — population based) and the Senate (upper house — each state gets 2)

Federalist Papers (1788)

Series of essays anonymously published that opposed the first constitution

Constitutional Compromises

• 3/5th compromise

• Conneticut compromise

• electoral college compromise

• slave trade compromise

• bill of rights compromise

National Bank

Federalists support, one big bank run by federal gov that would assume state’s debts

Proclamation of Neutrality

america did not help France during french revolution

Whiskey rebellion (1791)

• Hamilton suggests tax on whiskey to repay debt

• Farmers HATE, tar and feather tax collectors in Pennsylvania

Two Party System

• after election of 1800

• changed the notion that the runner up became vice president, and instead VP was voted for on a separate ballot

• after Adams and Jefferson were incredibly tense