Influencial People in Bio

Only for McCain

Frederick Griffith

- bacteriologist

- accidental discovery of transformation while researching Pneumonia. rat experiment.-smooth (polysaccharide coating) and rough strains.

- when injected into the mice smooth killed and rough didn’t bc it’s coated + the immune system can’t break it down.

- when heated, smooth didn’t kill.

- when smooth was heated and mixed with rough, the mouse did die.->transformation.

Avery, McCarty, MacLeod

- took enzymes that destroyed each macromolecule (carbs, lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA) and mixed w smooth, heated, and rough

- carbs, lipids, proteins, RNA, DNA destroyed

- all mice died except one with DNA destroyed

- DNA is the transforming factor

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

worked with bacteriophage (a virus that attacks bacteria)

- Protein coat had Sulfur 35 (S35)

- DNA had Phosphorus 32 (P32)

- DNA mixed with bacteria went to bottom in centrifuege, found that DNA carries genetic code

Linus Pauling

discovered the alpha-helical structure of proteins.

won 1 nobel prize and 1 nobel peace prize

Erwin Chargaff

- equal amounts of adenine and thymine, equal amounts of guanine and cytosine

- A+G - AGgies are PURELY (purine) fat (double rings),

- T+C - not aggies so pyrimidine and single rings

- didn't discover A/T/C/G, just amts

Maurice Wilkins

- worked w rosalind franklin

- tensions between them bc of miscommunication of who was in charge.

- He also gave photo 51 to Watson.

Rosalind Franklin

- X-ray diffractions= discovery of Double Helix Structure of DNA

- Found the structure of a Virus and how a virus infects

- Photo 51

James Watson

+ Francis Crick built model based on Franklin's photo 51 explaining Double Helix structure

- published book about (discovery of) Double Helix

- was not published in the UK because of the incorrect information

- very offensive to Rosalind Franklin

Francis Crick

+ James Watson built model explaining Double Helix structure