Civil War + Reconstruction Test Flashcards

History Notes

1846, the ??? called for a ban on slavery in any territory the United States gained from Mexico.

Wilmot Proviso

1848, northern opponents of slavery formed the ??? which sought to prevent the expansion of ??? into the Western territories

Free-soil party, slavery.

To ease southern concerns over the admission of California as a free state in 1850, Congress passed the ???, which undid the Missouri Compromise and included the Fugitive Slave Act.

Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 stated that California would be accepted as a free state but in the other territory acquired from Mexico voters would decide on the issue through ???

Popular Sovereignty

This law allowed officials to arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave, denied the right to a jury trial, and required all citizens to help capture runaway slaves.

Fugitive Slave Act.

Resentment against the Fugitive Slave Act spurred ??? to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

• A powerful condemnation of slavery which helped to humanize slaves for readers 

• Published in 1852, and it sold over 300,000 copies in its first year

• Helped to increase anti-slavery sentiment in the North while angering Southerners who said it was a false picture of slavery 

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska

• Allowed voters in each territory to decide the issue of slavery by Popular Sovereignty.

• Caused an influx of Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery  settlers flocked to Kansas each hoping to outnumber the other

Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The extreme violence in Kansas due to the lack of laws gave it the nickname of ???

Bleeding Kansas.

A supreme court decision ruled that:

• African Americans were not citizens

• They did not have the same rights as white people.

• Congress did not have the power to ban slavery

What was it’s name?

Dred Scott vs. Sanford

Who did Abraham Lincoln challenge to a series of debates?

Stephen Douglas.

Douglas promoted the idea of ???

Popular Sovereignty.

Who was a famous, violent abolitionist?

John Brown

Who captured John Brown?

Robert E. Lee

Northern Democrats nominated ??? for the 1860 election.

Stephen Douglas

Who was the first state to leave the union?

South Carolina.

Who was the president of the Confederate states of America?

Jefferson Davis.

Lincoln was sworn into office as president in March of 1861 and pledged to ???, peacefully if possible

preserve the union

What was the first battle of the Civil War?

Fort Sumter.

Who fired the first shot of the Civil War?

The Confederacy.

What were some of the Union’s strengths?

• Large Manufacturing Base

• Large Immigrant Population

• Advanced and large railroad network

• Banking Industries were focused in the north

• Bigger navy

What were some of the Confederacy’s strengths?

• Southern troops were highly motivated

• Robert E. Lee was a expert military leader

• Fighting a defensive war, all they had to do was outlast the North

??? called for seizing the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico through Naval blockades so the south could not send or receive support and would starve the Confederacy.

Anaconda plan.

What was the deadliest day in US history?

Antietam.

Lincoln suspended ??? which is the law that guarantees that no one can be held in prison without specific charges against them. 

Habeas Corpus.

Almost all the battles of the Civil War took place in ???

The South.

Did the Unions plan of starving the South succeed?

Yes.

The ??? was issued by Abraham Lincoln, freeing all slaves in states currently in rebellion.

Emancipation Proclamation.

What general did the Union find to match Robert E. Lee in his skill?

Ulysses S. Grant.

How many of the Confederate’s troops were killed in the battle of Gettysburg?

1/3

???, given at the site of the Battle of Gettysburg, freed slaves.

Gettysburg Address

What was the deadliest battle in US history?

Gettysburg.

What general marched through South Carolina and Georgia, destroying everything in his way?

William T. Sherman. (Sherman’s March to Sea)

Where did the Confederacy surrender?

Appomattox Courthouse.

What amendment outlawed Slavery in all US territory?

13th Amendment.

What were the years of Recontruction?

1865-1877

Who had the “Forty Acres and a Mule” plan, and what was the plan?

William T. Sherman, and it proposed giving former slaves land that belonged to former slave holders.

What did the Black Codes do?

Limited the rights of African Americans.

What was the Civil Rights Act, and what happened to it?

It guaranteed Civil rights. It was veto’d by Johnson, but then his veto was overturned by Congress.

What was the 14th Amendment?

It gave African Americans citizenship, and guaranteed equality for all citizens.

What is suffrage?

The right to vote.

What was the name of Johnson’s Secretary of War that barricaded himself in his office for two months to avoid being fired?

Edwin Stanton.

What was the name for white men who had been locked out of politics before the Civil War by wealthier neighbors, but found a place within the Republican Party?

Scalawags.

Southerners labeled those flocking to the south as opportunists and nicknamed them ???

Carpetbaggers.

??? was similar to sharecropping except the farm-worker chose what crop would be planted and bought his own supplies.

Share Tenancy

??? was the most independent arrangement for both farmer and landowner

Tenant farming

• US Congress passed ??? in 1870 and 1871 which made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote

  • The act was also nicknamed the Ku Klux Klan Act and was used to indict hundreds throughout the South

• This led to a decline in overt violence against African Americans after 1872

Enforcement Acts

• Restricted the scope of the 14^th amendment, allowing states to define rights for their citizens 

• Protection of civil rights did not include property rights of businesses. 

• Due process and equal protection only protected citizens from the action from the government, not from other citizens.

• Even though African Americans had gained many rights under the rulings of the ??? many of the freedoms were restricted

Slaughterhouse Cases.

Who won the Election of 1876?

 Rutherford B. Hayes.

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws that kept White People and African Americans separate.

What were some of the loopholes the South used to limit the voting of African Americans?

• Literacy tests

• Grandfather Clauses

• Poll Taxes

What were the consequence of Recontruction?

• Introduced a tax-supported school system

  • Expansion and diversification of agriculture 

  • Failed to heal bitterness between North and South 

  • Gave African Americans citizenship, and the right to vote.

  • Cemented party allegiances in national politics 

  • Continued strain over state or federal power

• Political race-based terrorism through groups like the Ku Klux Klan.

What was De Facto Segregation?

Segregation based in act, not laws.

What was De Jure Segregation?

Segregation based on written laws.

What supreme court case upheld the legality of “separate but equal?”

Plessy vs. Ferguson

• ??? argued that African Americans needed to build up their own economic resources and establish reputations as hardworking and honest citizens to change Jim Crow Laws

• Wanted to prepare African Americans to exercise the privileges of citizenship

Booker T. Washington

• Advocated not for gradual change like Booker T. Washington but immediate and full equality with white Americans

  • Argued that African Americans should not limit themselves to vocational education 

  • Did not believe African Americans had to earn privileges of rights

W.E.B. Du Bois

• Published a newspaper, Free Speech, which condemned the mistreatment of African Americans and fought for equal rights 

Ida B. Wells