unit 3 - Islam

significance of Ishmael

literal meaning of Islam

submission / one who submits to God

Meaning of “seal of the prophets”

Muhammad is believed by Muslims to have received the final confirmation and authoritative version of all previous revelations and so he is the last prophet

Kaaba - History

Muslims believe that it was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael for the worship of one God but then it was taken over by polytheism. He then banished polytheism and idol worship from mecca.

Kaaba - importance

most important shrine for Muslims

Literal meaning of the Quran

 

Recitation

Caliphs meaning

successors of Muhammad

Shi’a (partisans of Ali) and Sunni (those who follow the tradition) split

after Muhammad died they had to decide who his successor would be. would it be his closest male heir or his closet friend in work. after the death of Ali set in motion a deep division between these groups

purpose of jizyah

a special tax that Jews and Christians paid in return for the freedom to practice their religions with certain limits

3 holiest cities in Islam

mecca, medina, Jerusalem

Mosque

Islamic scared place of worship

Imam

the person who leads prayer at a mosque. they may lead prayer, serve as community leaders, provide religious guidance, teach people about the Quran & Muhammad and officiate weddings/ funerals

how surahs are organized

(chapters) generally from longest to shortest.

how the Quran relates to Jewish and Christian scripture (3 c’s)

the hour

it is the day of judgment all creation will come to an end and stand before God when good and bad deeds will be judged. those who preform good deeds than bad will go to Jannah and those who have more bad will go to Jahannam. those who have repented for their sins will be forgiven.

jannah

paradise “garden of everlasting bliss” there will be no sickness, pain or sadness.

jahannam

hell, place of physical and spiritual suffering

Barzakh vs. purgatory

the in between. when a person dies their soul does not go to Jannah. It is another world/ realm. The intermediary state between the worlds of life on earth and eternity. (NO ONE GOES TO HEAVEN AFTER DEATH REMAIN HERE UNTIL JUDGEMNT DAY)

Shirk

the sin of regarding anything as equal or partner of Allah

this sin is unforgivable

Hadith

a collection of sayings from the prophet Muhammad

Jihad

striving or doing one utmost

1. greater: the struggle against the lower self (struggle to purify ones heart, do good, avoid evil and make oneself a better person)

2. lesser: outward struggle

   Struggle against any obstacle that stands in the way of good.

Dua

informal prayers

Shariah

set of Islamic laws derived from the Quran and Hadith which encompass all actions of Muslim’s life

Halal vs. Kosher

permissible according to Shariah law not interchangeable but Muslims can get Kosher food as long as there is not alchol in it.

Mahram (definition)

a person with who marriage is prohibited

Awra

nakedness or hidden secrete place and are areas of the body that are to be covered in front of others. (neck to knee)

Wudu

a cleaning ritual or ablution that is an important part of purity and cleanliness in Islam before preforming worship. follows a process to wash hands mouth, nostrils, arms, face, ears, hair, and feet.

Halal (definition)

permissible according to shariah law

haram (definition)

impermissible according to shariah law

4 categories for food to be Halal

farm, slaughterhouse, processing, cooking

Haram foods

pork (pig)

alcohol

improperly slaughtered animals

Haram behaviors

prohibited from gambling

oppressing or abusing others

mistreating relatives

Tawhid (definition and how is it related to catholic doctrine)

all as one and only one

Muslims do not believe that God is the trinity but Catholics do

The Muslim view of Jesus vs. Catholic view

Muslims see Jesus as a prophet who had a virgin birth

Catholics see Jesus as the Son of God

the difference between how Muslims view the revelation of the Quran vs. Catholic view of the revelation of the bible

Muslims see scripture as the direct word of Allah

Catholics see scripture as divinely inspired

2 similarities between Catholicism and Islam

monotheistic, God created the universe

2 differences between Islam and Catholicism

Specific food regulations, prescribed modesty regulation

Islam vs. Islamism (contribution to Islamophobia)

Islamism is the basis for a government or political power.

people get them confused since they have used Islamism to distort the beliefs of Muslims. Used them for power and control over their own country and ended up attacking the US

pillar 1:

shahadah

how do you write pillar 1 in english

I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.

pillar 2: what is the meaning of salah

praying

what is expected during Pillar 2

expected to pray all 5 daily prayers and preform all units of the Rakah. All of this should be facing mecca

pillar 3

Zakat

what is expected of pillar 3 (percentage and nisab)

almsgiving/ charitable giving

Nisab: the minimum threshold of wealth a Muslim must possess before becoming obligated to pay zakat

2.5% of Muslims surplus wealth that exceeds a certain threshold annually after deducting liabilities

pillar 4: sawm meaning

fasting

what time of the year is pillar 4 done (length and specifically what is expected daily)

Ramadan (about 29-30 days)

must fast from food and drink, smoking, sexual relations, and sinful behavior from sun up to sundown.

pillar 5

Hajj

what is encouraged of pillar 5 and what occurs

pilgrimage to mecca that must be done once in a lifetime. they wear simple clothes pray, stand in prayer and ask for forgiveness all day, throw stones at 3 pillars, sacrifice an animal, men and women cut/ shave their hair. then they go visit and walk around the Kaaba