Studied by 0 people
Kinesthesis
________: provides us with feedback about our muscles and joints positions and movements.
Critical Periods
________: during which certain kinds of experiences must occur if perceptual abilities and the brain mechanisms that underlie them are to develop normally.
Perception
________: making "sense "of what our senses tell us- is the active process of organizing this stimulus input and giving it meaning.
Amplitude
________: refers to the vertical size of the sound waves- that is, the amount of compression and expansion of the molecules in the conducting medium.
Dark Adaption
________: the progressive improvement in brightness sensitivity that occurs over time under conditions of low illumination.
Inattentional Blindness
________: refers to the failure of unattended stimuli to register in consciousness.
Transduction
________: is the process whereby the characteristics of a stimulus are converted into nerve impulses.
Absolute Threshold
________: the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected 50 percent of the time.
Retina
________: a multi- layered light- sensitive tissue at the rear of the fluid- filled eyeball.
Convergence
________: is produced by feedback from the muscles that turn your eyes inward to view a close object.
Photopigments
________: Rods and cones translate light waves into nerve impulses through the action of protein molecules.
Webers law
________: states that the difference threshold or jnd is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus with which the comparison is being made.
Basilar Membrane
________: a sheet of tissue that runs its length.
Organ of Corti
________: contains about 16, 000 tiny hair cells that are the actual sound receptors.
Rods
________: which function best in dim light, are primarily black- and- white brightness receptors.
Taste buds
________: chemical receptors concentrated along the tip, edges, and back surface of the tongue.
Lens
________: an elastic structure that becomes thinner to focus on distant objects and thicker to focus on nearby objects.
Frequency
________: the number of sound waves, or cycles, per second.
Sensory adaptation
________: the diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
Decision Criterion
________: a standard of how certain they must be that a stimulus is present before they will say they detect it.
Pheromones
________: chemical signals found in natural body scents.
Fovea
________: a small area in the center of the retina that contains no rods but many densely packed cones.
Feature Detectors
________: fire selectively in response to visual stimuli that have specific characteristics.
Hertz
________ (Hz): the technical measure of cycles per second; 1 ________ equals 1 cycle per second.
Psychophysics
________: studies relations between the physical characteristics of stimuli and sensory capabilities.
Cochlea
________: a coiled, snail- shaped tube about 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches) in length that is filled with fluid and contains the Basilar Membrane.
Visual Acuity
________: ability to see fine detail.
Olfaction
________: the sense of smell.
Gustation
________: the sense of taste.
individual elements
Bottom- up Processing: the system takes in ________ of the stimulus and then combines them into a unified perception.
Young Helmholtz trichromatic theory
________: there are three types of color receptors in the retina.
Olfactory Bulb
________: a forebrain structure immediately above the nasal cavity.
Perceptual Constancies
________: allow us to recognize familiar stimuli under varying conditions.
stimulus detection
Sensation: is the ________ process by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain.
Monocular Depth Cues
________: which require only one eye.
Illusions
________: compelling but incorrect perceptions.
Stroboscopic movement
________: illusory movement produced when a light is briefly flashed in darkness, and then, a few milliseconds later, another light is flashed nearby.
Figure Ground relations
________: tendency to organize stimuli into a central or foreground figure and a background.
Vestibular sense
________: the sense of body orientation or equilibrium.
Binocular Disparity
________: where each eye sees a slightly different image.
Gate Control Theory
________: proposes that the experience of pain results from the opening and closing of gating mechanisms in the nervous systems.
Top Down Processing
________: sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations.
Cones
________: are color receptors, function best in bright illumination.
Signal Detection Theory
________: is concerned with the factors that influence sensory judgments.
Nerve Deafness
________: caused by damaged receptors within the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve itself.
Perceptual Schema
________: a mental representation or image containing the critical and distinctive features of a person, object, event, or other perceptual phenomena.
Sensation
is the stimulus detection process by which our sense organs respond to and translate environmental stimuli into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
Perception
making "sense" of what our senses tell us-is the active process of organizing this stimulus input and giving it meaning
Transduction
is the process whereby the characteristics of a stimulus are converted into nerve impulses
Psychophysics
studies relations between the physical characteristics of stimuli and sensory capabilities
Absolute Threshold
the lowest intensity at which a stimulus can be detected 50 percent of the time
Decision Criterion
a standard of how certain they must be that a stimulus is present before they will say they detect it
Signal-Detection Theory
is concerned with the factors that influence sensory judgments
Difference Threshold (just noticeable difference(jnd))
is defined as the smallest difference between two stimuli that people can perceive 50 percent of the time
Webers law
states that the difference threshold or jnd is directly proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus with which the comparison is being made
Sensory adaptation
the diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
Lens
an elastic structure that becomes thinner to focus on distant objects and thicker to focus on nearby objects
Retina
a multi-layered light-sensitive tissue at the rear of the fluid-filled eyeball
Rods
which function best in dim light, are primarily black-and-white brightness receptors
Cones
are color receptors, function best in bright illumination
Fovea
a small area in the center of the retina that contains no rods but many densely packed cones
Visual Acuity
ability to see fine detail
Photopigments
Rods and cones translate light waves into nerve impulses through the action of protein molecules
Dark Adaption
the progressive improvement in brightness sensitivity that occurs over time under conditions of low illumination
Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory
there are three types of color receptors in the retina
Herings opponent-process Theory
proposed that each of the three cone types responds to two different wavelengths
Dual-Process Theory
combines the trichromatic and opponent-process theories to account for the color transduction process
Feature Detectors
fire selectively in response to visual stimuli that have specific characteristics
Frequency
the number of sound waves, or cycles, per second
Hertz(Hz)
the technical measure of cycles per second; 1 hertz equals 1 cycle per second
Amplitude
refers to the vertical size of the sound waves-that is, the amount of compression and expansion of the molecules in the conducting medium
Cochlea
a coiled, snail-shaped tube about 3.5 centimeters (1.4 inches) in length that is filled with fluid and contains the Basilar Membrane
Basilar Membrane
a sheet of tissue that runs its length
Organ of Corti
contains about 16,000 tiny hair cells that are the actual sound receptors
Frequency Theory of Pitch Perception
nerve impulses sent to the brain match the frequency of the sound wave
Place Theory of Pitch Perception
suggesting that the specific point in the cochlea where the fluid wave peaks and most strongly bends the hair cells serves as a frequency coding cue
Conduction Deafness
involves problems with the mechanical system that transmits sound waves to the cochlea
Nerve Deafness
caused by damaged receptors within the inner ear or damage to the auditory nerve itself
Gustation
the sense of taste
Olfaction
the sense of smell
Taste buds
chemical receptors concentrated along the tip, edges, and back surface of the tongue
Olfactory Bulb
a forebrain structure immediately above the nasal cavity
Pheromones
chemical signals found in natural body scents
Gate Control Theory
proposes that the experience of pain results from the opening and closing of gating mechanisms in the nervous systems
Kinesthesis
provides us with feedback about our muscles and joints positions and movements
Vestibular sense
the sense of body orientation or equilibrium
Bottom-up Processing
the system takes in individual elements of the stimulus and then combines them into a unified perception
Top-Down Processing
sensory information is interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations
Inattentional Blindness
refers to the failure of unattended stimuli to register in consciousness
Figure-Ground relations
tendency to organize stimuli into a central or foreground figure and a background
Gestalt Theory of Perceptual Organization
similarity, proximity, closure, and continuity
Perceptual Schema
a mental representation or image containing the critical and distinctive features of a person, object, event, or other perceptual phenomena
Perceptual set
a readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way
Perceptual Constancies
allow us to recognize familiar stimuli under varying conditions
Monocular Depth Cues
which require only one eye
Binocular Depth Cues
requires both eyes
Binocular Disparity
where each eye sees a slightly different image
Convergence
is produced by feedback from the muscles that turn your eyes inward to view a close object
Stroboscopic movement
illusory movement produced when a light is briefly flashed in darkness, and then, a few milliseconds later, another light is flashed nearby
Illusions
compelling but incorrect perceptions
Note 
Flashcard (29)