Lab exam

Cell membrane functions

Barrier, transport, communication, organization, and recognition.

Define osmosis

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

A solution where solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution where solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.

Isotonic Solution

Biuret solution tests for

Protein.

Iodine tests for

Starch.

Benedicts Solution tests for

Glucose.

None.

Largest organelle in a prokaryotic cell

Each nucleotide consists of

Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate group.

Cold Ethanol

Precipitates DNA.

Proteinase K

Degrades proteins.

SDS

Helps break down the membrane around the nucleus.

Base pairs of DNA

A - T - G - C: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

What do restriction endonucleases do?

Cut DNA at specific sequences.

Cathodes are ___ and anodes are ___

Negative, positive.

Bands that move the farthest away from the well

Have the smallest fragments.

Wells formed by the comb

Designated loading areas for samples.

What does agarose gel electrophoresis do?

Separates DNA fragments by size.

What does the DNA kb ladder do?

Allows comparison of the DNA band kb size.

In gel electrophoresis, fragments of similar size move as

A single band of DNA.

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have organelles and a nucleus.

Difference between animal and plant cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall.

How do eukaryotic cells divide?

Mitosis.

Autotrophic organisms

Organisms that make their own food.

The majority of prokaryotes are?

Heterotrophic.

Heterotrophic organisms

Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.

Most bacteria are what?

Saprophytic.

Saprophytic organisms

Organisms that get their energy from decaying organic matter.

Parasitic organisms

Living at the expense of another.

What do flagella do?

Help bacteria move.

Examples of prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria and Archaea.