Lab exam

Cell membrane functions Barrier, transport, communication, organization, and recognition

What is osmosis? diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Hypertonic Solution Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

Hypotonic Solution Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

Isotonic Solution a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

Biuret solution tests for protein

Iodine tests for starch

Benedicts Solution tests for glucose

the largest organelle in a prokaryotic cell none

Each nucleotide consists of nitrogenous base, deoxyribose, phosphate group

Cold Ethanol precipitates DNA

Proteinase K degrades proteins

SDS helps break down the membrane around the nucleus

Base pairs of DNA A - T - G - C. Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

What do restriction endonucleases do? Cut DNA at specific sequences

cathodes are ____ and anodes are ______ negative, positive

bands that move the farthest away from the well have the smallest fragments

What do wells formed by the comb do? they are designated loading areas for samples

What does agarose gel electrophoresis do? separates DNA fragments by size

What does the DNA kb ladder do? to compare the DNA band kb size

In gel electrophoresis, fragments of similar size move as a single band of DNA

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Eukaryotic cells have organelles and a nucleus

What is the difference between animal and plant cells? plant cells have a cell wall

How do eukaryotic cells divide? mitosis

Autotrophic Organisms that make their own food

The majority of prokaryotes are? heterotrophic

Heterotrophic Organisms that obtain their nutrients or food from consuming other organisms.

Most bacteria are what? saprophytic

Saprophytic Organisms that get their energy from decaying organic matter

Parasitic living at the expense of another

What do flagella do? help bacteria move

What are some examples of prokaryotic cells? Bacteria and Archaea