MS Chapter 17

Elimination

The excretion of waste from the body, including the physiological process of waste formation and excretion.

Bowel elimination

The passage and dispelling of stool through the intestinal tract by means of intestinal smooth muscle contraction.

Peristalsis

The involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles in the intestines that creates wave-like movements to push contents through the digestive tract.

Fecal incontinence

The involuntary release of feces leading to a loss of control over bowel elimination.

Retention of stool

The inability to expel stool from the rectum, which can lead to constipation and impaction.

Gastrocolic reflex

A physiological reflex that stimulates colonic motility in response to food entering the stomach.

Primary Prevention in Elimination Problems

Preventative measures aimed at reducing the risk of elimination problems before they develop.

Secondary Prevention in Elimination Problems

Screening procedures, such as colonoscopy and occult blood tests, to detect elimination problems early.

Colonoscopy

An examination of the colon using a flexible camera to identify abnormalities, often used as a screening tool for colorectal issues.

Antispasmodics

Medications used to relieve spasm of the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Colectomy

A surgical procedure to remove all or part of the colon.

Colostomy

A surgical procedure that creates an opening for the colon to the surface of the abdomen, allowing for waste elimination.

Risk factors for elimination problems

Factors such as age, pregnancy, neurological impairment, and altered mobility that increase the likelihood of elimination issues.

Symptoms of bowel retention

Signs include ignoring the urge to go, decreased peristalsis, stool drying and hardening, leading to constipation and impaction.

Collaborative interventions

Strategies involving multidisciplinary teams to address bowel elimination problems based on the underlying condition.