Types of roots.
Three types of roots are
Primary roots - It is the direct elongation of the radicle.
Lateral roots - It arises from the primary root .
Adventitious root - It arises from any part of the plant other than the radicle.
Root systems
Tap root system - found in dicots such as mustard
Fibrous root system - found in monocots such as wheat and rice
Regions in the root. mention cell organisation and function
Zone of maturation - cells are fully differentiated and matured. Hair grows from this zone.
Zone of elongation - cells undergo rapid elongation and enlargement. Helps in growth of the root
Zone of meristematic activity - cells are small, thin walled, dense cytoplasm and undergo division repeatedly.
Root cap - thimble like structure protects the root apex while passing through the soil
Describe root hairs and their function.
Root hairs are delicate thread like epidermal cells. they absorb water and minerals from the soil
Parts and functions of the stem
Parts
nodes
internodes
buds - terminal and axillary
axillary - flowers and branches
Functions
bears leaves, flowers, branches and buds
helps in food storage, support, protection and vegetative propagation
Leaf
develops at node, bears axillary bud - flowers and branches.
develops from shoot apical meristem
arranged in acropetal order
Parts of leaf and functions of veins?
Parts
leaf base
petiole
lamina
midrib
Functions
transports mineral, food and water to different parts of leaf
provides rigidity to the leaf blade
Modifications in leaves with examples
Expanded sheath - the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly. Eg - monocots.
Pulvinus - the swollen leaf base. Eg - some leguminous plants
Types of compound leaf with example example.
Pinnately - leaflets are present to a compound node called rachis. Eg - neem
Palmately - leaflets are attached at a common point, at the top of the petiole. Eg - silk cotton
Different phyllotaxy
Alternate - China rose, mustard
Opposite - guava, calotropis
Whorled - astonia
Different types of inflorescence?
Racemose
The main axis continues to grow.
The flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal order.
Cymose
The main axis terminates in flower.
Growth is limited.
Flowers are borne in a basipetal order.
Flower based on symmetry
Actinomorphic - radial symmetry. Eg - mustard, chilli, datura
Zygomorphic - bilateral symmety. Eg - pea and bean flowers
Asymmetry - irregular symmetry. Eg - canna
Bract?
Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel
Flowers based on arrangement of flowers appendages
Hypogynous - superior ovary. Eg - mustard, brinjal, china rose
Perigynous - half inferior ovary. Eg - plum, rose and peach
Epigynous - inferior ovary. Eg - guava, cucumber and ray florts
Aestivation
Valvate - calotropis
Twisted - China rose, lady finer and cotton
Imbricate - cassia and gulmohar
Vexillary - pea and bean flowers
Types of stamen
Monoadelphous - United stamen in one bunch. Eg - China rose
Diadelphous - stamen United in two bundles. Eg - pea
Polyadlephous - stame United in more than two bundles. Eg - citrus
Placentation with example
Marginal - pea
Axile - china rose, lemon, tomato
Parietal - mustard and argemone
Free Central - dianthus and primrose
Basal - sunflower and marigold