BIOL300: Chapter 14

What is word can be used to describe the Chloroplast and the Mitochondria. (They have a SYMBIOTIC relationship with the cells they reside in)

Endosymbionts

True or False: mitochondria divide through mitosis.

False

What is mitochondrial fission

The term for mitochondrial dividing. One mitochondria splits into two separate mitochondria.

What is mitochondrial fusion

The process of two separate mitochondria becoming one.

True or false: less mitochondria is needed where there is more of a need for energy.

False -> more mitochondria is needed where we need more energy.

Where are some places where the body would need more energy.

Heart, Brain, Sperm

How can we harvest the energy of an electron to produce ATP?

The electron can power up the membrane proton pump. This makes an H+ ion gradient that powers ATP synthase.

What does ATP synthase do

ATP synthase makes ATP through the phosphorylation of ADP (adding a phosphate).

Which step creates the most ATP?

oxidative phosphorylation

What's an organelle in plants that is similar to the mitochondria?

Chloroplast

True or false: chloroplast is an endosymbiont?

True

What are the two stages of photosynthesis that we need to know?

Stage 1: H2O oxidized, O2 released

Stage 2: carbon is fixed to produce sugars

True or False: plants still have mitochondria?

TRUE

how do plants make sugar?

- Inner membrane of chloroplast impermeable to ATP and NADPH, therefore funneled into carbon-fixation cycle to make sugar

-Sugar can then be make into starch, metabolized, or enter into mitochondria to form ATP