Global Wars to Globalization

AP EURO REVIEW- people

Tsar Nicholas II

Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin. duma.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

the heir of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He was assassinated in Sarajevo in 1914. This event sparked a series of actions that led to the beginning of World War I.

Jean Jaurès 

a French Socialist leader. Initially an Opportunist Republican, he evolved into one of the first social democrats

Winston Churchill

greatest wartime leader; rallied the British with his speeches, infectious confidence, and bulldog determination; known for his "iron curtain" speech

Vladimir Lenin

Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers.

Leon Trotsky

 Russian revolutionary intellectual and close adviser to Lenin. 

Joseph Stalin

s a leader of the Soviet Union in 1922-53 and one of the most important politicians of the twentieth century. 

John Maynard Keynes

was an early 20th-century British economist, best known as the founder of Keynesian economics and the father of modern macroeconomics, the study of how economies—markets and other systems that operate on a large scale—behave.

Franklin Roosevelt

thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945, and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office.

Benito Mussolini

 the first Fascist to hold power, and he was able to establish a dictatorship in Italy after the chaos of WWI.

Adolf Hitler, *Mein Kampf*

This dictator was the leader of the Nazi Party. He believed that strong leadership was required to save Germanic society, which was at risk due to Jewish, socialist, democratic, and liberal forces. Holocaust. 

Joseph Goebbels

 Nazi minister of propaganda under Adolf Hitler. He was instrumental in convincing the German people to support the Nazi regime and maintained their support during World War II.

Francisco Franco

 a general and the leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Spanish democratic republic in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39);

Charles de Gaulle

 A French war hero who in 1946, helped establish a new government called the Forth Republic. 

Margaret Thatcher

Conservative British prime minister from 1970 to 1991; held that office longer than any other person; worked to cut welfare and housing expenses, promote free enterprise

Tony Blair

British prime minister since 1997 and architect of "New Labour". Favored low taxes, tightly controlled social spending, and closer ties to Europe.

Francois Mitterand

\- Socialist leader who was elected president of France \n - froze prices and wages to reduce budget and inflation \n - passed liberal measures to aid workers \n - nationalized banks yet gave local govs. more powers \n - after nationalizing steel,banks, industries, etc. the support for the Socialist party declined and this forced him to turn portions of the economy back to private

Nicolas Sarkozy

1: French conservative president elected in 1995; pursued a plan of sending illegal immigrants back to their home countries; an outspoken opponent of the US invasion of Iraq. \n 2: French president who wanted to solve social problems between the French and the Muslims

Silvio Berlusconi

is an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011.

Nikita Khrushchev

ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; sought peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation.

Mikhail Gorbachev

 a Russian Politician. He was the last leader of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev's initiatives brought political and cultural liberalization to the Soviet Union. His significance was that he allowed democracy and national self-determination to triumph spectacularly in the Soviet Union.

Boris Yeltsin

President of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign. Solidarity. Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression.

Dmitry Medvedev

Russian president who revised the Constitution along with Putin, who was essentially the “puppet master”

Vladimir Putin

elected president of Russia in 2000, launched reforms aimed at boosting growth and budget revenues and keeping Russia on a strong economic track.

Slobodan Milosevic

1990 President of Yugoslavia. Wanted a Serbian-dominated country. Sparked a civil war in Yugoslavia. Croatia: with Slovenia declared its independence from Yugoslavia after Milosevic took power in Yugoslavia.

Philippe Petain

a World War I French general who was later imprisoned for treason. A 58-year-old colonel at the start of battle in 1914, Pétain earned acclaim for stopping the Germans at the Battle of Verdun and assumed command of the French forces in 1917.

Prince Max von Baden

 a German prince, general, and politician

Woodrow Wilson

(1856-1924) President of the United States (1913-1921) and the leading figure at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. He was unable to persuade the U.S. Congress to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations.

Emmeline Pankhurst

 Organized a suffragist movement to demand voting rights for women, made controversial tactics like breaking windows to get attention to women's rights. Women's Social and Political Union.

Georges Clemenceau

 French Premier who was determined to regain Alsace and Lorraine from Germany and weaken the German army as well as to use German financial resources to rebuild the French economy. Treaty of Versailles. term for the harsh portion of the treaties that applied to the Germans.

David Lloyd-George

British prime minister who hoped to weaken German industrial output, eliminate most of the German navy and force Germany to pay for post-war rebuilding.

Empress Alexandra

\-committed to autocracy \n -under Rasputin's influence-scandals surround them; Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy; believed he would cure her son \n son: Alexis was hemophilic

Gregory Rasputin

 A Russian peasant and self-proclaimed mystic who gained significant influence over Tsar Nicholas II's wife, Alexandra, prior to the revolutions of 1917. Rasputin's behavior caused scandals, and the Russian people began to believe that the tsar himself was under Rasputin's influence.

Friedrich Ebert

 served from 1919 to 1925 as the first President of the Weimar Republic. He advocated the development of parliamentary democracy, viewed himself as the president of all Germans, and was committed to a politics geared to social balance and compromise.

Karl Liebknecht

 German Social Democrat, who, with Rosa Luxemburg and other radicals, founded the Spartakusbund (Spartacus League), a Berlin underground group that became the Communist Party of Germany, dedicated to a socialist revolution.

Rosa Luxemburg

a Polish-born Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany.

Gustav Stresemann

\
Leader of the German government who ended the policy of passive resistance and committed Germany to carry out most of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.

Nikolai Bukharin

 editor of Pravda and the main ideological voice for the right wing, a Communist Party faction who opposed Trotsky's drive for rapid industrialization in the 1920s.

F. Scott Fitzgerald

story writer and novelist. Although he completed four novels and more than 150 short stories in his lifetime, he is perhaps best remembered for his third novel, The Great Gatsby (1925).

King Victor Emmanuel III

New King of Piedmont, appointed Count Camillo di Cavour as his new prime minister. United Italy under his rule by acquiring Rome and Venice. Italian king, very Machiavellian.

Paul von Hindenburg

German World War I military commander and president. He fought in the Austro-Prussian War and in the Franco-German War, and retired as a general in 1911.

Heinrich Bruning

 conservative German statesman who was chancellor and foreign minister shortly before Adolf Hitler came to power (1930–32).

Leon Blum

Leon Blum, who began as a literary critic, became active in politics as a result of the Dreyfuss Affair. In 1919, he was elected to the French Chamber of Deputies. In 1925, he became the head of the Socialist Party and, in May 1936, he became France's first socialist Prime Minister since 1870. 

Neville Chamberlain

 the prime minister of Great Britain who was sent to reason with Hitler seeing as they wanted to avoid war that they didn't find necessary and weren't ready for.