World history Test Review: Incan Empire, communist manifesto, trade

What was the incan empire?

An agrarian civilization who conquered people and tolerated others religion, culture, and leadership

What was the Inca mita system?

Labor as payment for taxes: service to your state, service to your community, and service to your Gods

What was the Middle Passage?

The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas

What were Suyu's?

Empire broken down into regions

What were ayllu's?

A family clan: self-sustained social units that would educate their own children and farm or trade for all food they ate

Where did 75% of enslaved people work?

Agriculture

What was the triangular trade?

System of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by it's exports to another

What was the inca trilogy?

Made up of 3 animals, puma (land of people/earth, represents strength, wisdom, and patience), the condor (land of the Gods, messenger between heaven and earth), and the serpent( the land of the dead, underworld). It is the 3 gods they believed in

What was the most important crop in the south?

cotton

Who was Equiano?

A African slave who was kidnapped at age 11, and continue to be bought and sold to slave traders, eventually making it across the Atlantic. He wrote about the differences in slave treatment by the Africans versus the Americans/Europeans

Who started state sponsored expansion?Which nation had the highest interest of their state/explorers?

Italian ports started state sponsored exploration and Portugal had the highest interest of explorers

Who was the first to circumnavigate the globe?

Spain

What was the enlightenment period?

Age of reason where they questioned the world around them in areas of politics, science and religion.HUMAN REASON

What started the enlightenment period?

The renaissance, the scientific revolution, reformation

What was the scientific revolution?

A new way of thinking about the natural world// expanded in literacy//experimentation on new things, people more educated

What was the main goal of the enlightenment thinkers?

To use human reason to achieve knowledge, freedom, and happiness. Challenged accepted beliefs (against the social norms)

What did enlightenmentphilosophers want to do?

Wanted to use the ideas and reason of the scientific revolution for problems in government and society

What is nationalism?

Loyalty of a people to their values, tradition,s and a geographic region. Identification with one's own nation and support for it's interest, especially to the exclusive or detriment of the interests of other nations

What is capitalism?

Economic system with Kaiser-faire at it's foundation

What is the idea of capitalism?

If money is invested in successful businesses, people will make a profit. People should pursue their own self-interest through individual profit

What is socialism?

Calls for public rather than private ownership or control of property and natural resources

What is the socialism view?

Individuals do not live or work in isolation but live in cooperation with one another

Everything that people produce in some sense is a social product, and everyone who contributes to the production of a good is entitled a share in it- example of what?

Socialism

What is communism?

A political and economic system that seeks to create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as mines and factories, are owned and controlled by the public

What system was violent when portraying their beliefs?

Communism

Laissez-faire economics said that?

The government should not try to regulate economy, believe that individual freedom best protected by keeping the gov. Regulations to a minimum

Who was Karl Marx?

German revolutionary, sociologist, historian, economist

What did Karl Marx support?

A revolutionary form of socialism

What did Karl Marx write?

The Communist Manifesto (1848), the most celebrated pamphlet in the history of the socialist movement

What was the main goal of communism?

Aims to change property ownership through violence

What kind of way was socialism associated with in transformation?

Peaceful

Who was Fredrick Engels?

Wrote the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx

What was the proletariat?

The "lower class" that is talked about in the Communist manifesto

What does the Communist Manifesto call for?

Calls for the proletariats to rise up against the upper class and revolt fr their rights

What was the bourgeoise?

The "upper class" talked about in the communist manifesto, they suppressed the Proletariats taking advantage of their hard work and labor

What was the communist manifesto?

Reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement, argues that class struggle is the motivating force behind all historical developements

What were 3 acts of serving to your state?

Farming the emperor's land, building noble places, serving in the military

What were.3 acts of reserving to your Gods?

Farming priests land, building temples, attending to shrines

What were 3 acts of serving to your community?

Building roads and bridges, maintaining agricultural storehouses, farming and fishing for your mita

What were the 5 justifications for slavery?

1. Social stability
2.Civilization argument
3.Economic
4.Racial
5.Biblical

What was the social stability justification?

Very conservative; believe there was a hierarchy

What was the civilization justification for slavery?

great empires in past had slaves and look how well their empires thrived, we should have slaves as well, then we will be great too

What was the economic justification for slavery?

Slaves were viewed as "property", south relied on them and their labor to produce crops they needed to survive and make money

What was the racial justification for slavery?

Many believed there was an inequality between blacks and whites

What was the biblical justification for slavery?

Slavery isn't condemned in the Bible, it encourages it!

How were slaves treated better in Africa?

Given food, land, more of a family environment

How ere slaves treated in American enslavement?

Force fed, whipped, treated like property

What did equiano do under African care?

Eating first because he was older, sprayed with perfume

What did equiano do when he was under American care?

Was force fed, especially on the way over by ship, hourly whipped for not eating, saw African prisoners severely cut

What were the main resources traded between African cheif's and European traders?

Funds and enslaved people

What was the impact of trading between Africans and Americans?

Chiefs traded their people for guns so they could go to other African tribes , steal their people, and sell them to Europeans. Also wanted guns for protection. Warfare increased in Africa

Why did the enlightenment movement have a huge impact on the social, economic, and political factors across the globe?

It brought political modernization to the west, advance thinking and modernization of the world

Identify Fredrick Engels and Karl Marx's pov concerning capitalism and the impacts of the industrial revolution on the proletariat.

Took the pov of the "commoner", working class, capitalism caused factory and mining owners to get rich off of others' labor. The industrial revolution converted the little workshops into the great factories of the industrial capitalist. It allowed the Bourgeoise to enslave the working class into making everything

What was Fredrick's and Karl Marx's pov over how the proletariat should respond to the conditions of capitalism and why?

Believe they should support the "every revolutionary movement agianst the existing social and political order of things". Communist believed that the only way to het what they wanted was revolution/violence. Knew that the bourgeoise didn't want a revolution b/c manufacturing would stop-they would lose money

Why did Europeans pursue enslaved labor in the americas during the era of colonization?

As a cheaper, more plentiful labor source