Haloalkanes Mechanisms
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4 Terms
Reaction with hydroxides to form alcohols
Reagent : NaOH
Conditions : aqueous, warm
What happens : halogen atom replaced by OH group
Overall equation : CH3CH2Br + NaOH ➔ CH3CH2OH + NaBr
Mechanism : Nucleophilic Substitution
Reaction with cyanide to form nitriles
Reagent : KCN
Conditions : aqueous ethanol, warm
What happens : halogen atom replaced by CN group
Overall equation : CH3CH2Br + KCN ➔ CH3CH2CN + KBr
Mechanism : Nucleophilic substitution
Reaction with ammonia to form amines
Reagent : NH3
Conditions : Excess concentrated ammonia dissolved in ethanol at pressure in a sealed container
Overall equation : CH3CH2Br + 2NH3 ➔ CH3CH2NH2 + NH4Br
Mechanism : Nucleophilic substitution
Reaction with hydroxide to form alkenes
Reagent : KOH
Conditions : Ethanolic, hot
Overall equation : CH3CHICH3 + KOH ➔ CH2=CHCH3 + H2O + KI
Mechanism : Elimination
