fate of synthesized proteins

What needs to happen to the peptide obtained by the end of protein synthesis before it becomes active?

It needs to undergo post-translation modifications.

What is the importance of post-translation modifications in proteins?

They make the synthesized peptide active.

Name the site where post-translation modifications occur.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

What are some kinds of post-translation modifications?

Combination of peptides and folding, decarboxylation, removal of peptides, addition of elements like iron, and addition of sugars or lipids.

What type of proteins do ribosomes produce that are exported outside the cell?

Functional proteins such as hormones, enzymes, and antibodies.

What is the role of Golgi bodies in the protein synthesis pathway?

Golgi bodies package proteins destined for export or to the cell surface membrane.

Define exocytosis.

Exocytosis is the fusion of the membrane of the secretory vesicle with the cell membrane to release active synthesized proteins outside the cell.

What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?

It is the powerhouse of the cell that supplies energy for cellular activities.

How are structural proteins produced by ribosomes utilized?

They stay inside the cell and become part of membranes, organelle structures, or the cell membrane.

Describe the pathway of synthesized functional proteins exported outside the cell.

Ribosome → Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi bodies → Secretory vesicle → Outside the cell by exocytosis.