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local policing example

many schools have campus cops who build relationships with students and deal with issues

branches of the police

local policing, specialist crime division, crime and operational support

specialist crime division example

involves major crime investigations like murder

crime & operational support example

helicopter units are needed to search for missing people and dog handlers are used for drug searches

effectiveness of the police

police make public feel safe, increasing clear up rates, decreasing antisocial offences

public feel safe police example

in 2022-23, 73% of people responded to the “your police” survey saying they felt safe

increasing clear up rates example

between 2020 & 2021 the clear up rate in scotland increased by 56%

decreasing antisocial offences example

antisocial offences were 10% lower on 2023 than in 2022

ineffectiveness of the police

increasing cyber crimes, increasing crimes of dishonesty, rising crimes against society

increasing cyber crimes example

between 2019 and 2020 cyber crimes increased by 91%

increasing crimes of dishonesty example

crimes of dishonesty increases 8% between 2022 vs 2023

rising crimes against society example

crimes against society increased by 4% between 2022-23

roles of the police

protect, prevent, investigate

investigate example

scottish police investigated the murder of Alisha Macfail

prevent example

police launched the “that guy” campaign in 2021 in order to prevent crimes of sexual assault

protect example

police were deployed to the 2023 UCI world championships in glasgow

roles of the courts

serve justice, determine guilt, punish offenders

serve justice example

family of julie reilly said they felt they had justice when andrew wallace was imprisoned

determine guilt example

courted determined natalie mcgarry guilty for embezzlement

punish offenders

mark mclean was given a community payback order for displaying racism and abusive behaviour

effectiveness of the courts

keep public safe, deters people from committing crimes, criminals get punishments they deserve

keeps public safe example

courts imprisoned aaron campbell & andrew wallace to keep the public safe from them

deters people from crime example

courts issue tougher sentences for crimes like racism and homophobia to deter people

criminals get the punishments they deserve example

kevin guthrie was jailed for 3 years after sexually assaulting a woman in glasgow

ineffectiveness of the courts

dangerous people not locked up, victims re traumatised, guilty people get away

victims re-traumatised example

rape victims have have described feeling battered and bruised after the court process

guilty people get away example

the conviction rate for rape trails is only 4% vs 11% for all other crimes

dangerous people not locked up example

christopher mcgowan was allowed to stay at his girlfriends house (who he then murdered) while waiting for his trial

the adult court systems

the justice of the peace court, the sheriff court, the high court

justice of the peace court example

leigh griffiths was given a £500 fine by the edinburgh JPC in 2019

sherrif court example

natalie mcgarry was sentenced 18 months in prison by the glasgow sheriff court for embezzling £25,000 of SNP funds intended for a food bank

high court example

sam atkins was sentenced 18 years in prison by the high court for murder

advantages of prisons

prisons keep the public safe, reduce long term reoffending, rehabilitation

reduce long term reoffending example

in 2019-20 the re-conviction rate was only 25%

rehabilitation example

in 2017, 636 prisoners completed SQA courses in HMP barlinnie

keep public safe prisons example

between 2019-20 there was an average of 720 prisoners serving sentances for things like homocide

disadvantages of prisons

overcrowding, cost, violence inside prisons

overcrowding example

HMP barlinnie was 132% over capacity in July 2023

prison cost example

it costs nearly £40,000per year for one singular prison space per year

violence inside prisons example

in 2022-23, nearly 1500 prisoner on prisoner assaults occurred inside jails

advantages of non custodial sentances

reduces overcrowding in prisons, cheap, reduces reoffending

reduces overcrowing in prisons example

between 2021-22 14,160 people were issued community sentances in scotland and didn’t take up unnecessary prison space

non custodial sentances cheap example

in 2017, the cost of a non custodial sentances was approx £18,000 which is significantly cheaper than a custodial one

non custodial sentances sentances reduced reoffending example

reoffending rates for non custodial sentances was on 27.9% in 2020-21

disadvantages of non custodial sentances

easy to ignore, reliant on technology, doesn’t deter reoffending

non custodial sentances don’t deter reoffending example

in 2019, 56% of offenders breached their curfews

reliant on technology example

james wright was put on HDC but broke his tag and murdered a father of three in Paisley

easy to ignore example

between 2018 and 2021 more than 25% of fines weren’t paid, adding up to a total bill of over £6 million

causes of crime

social, economical, biological

economical causes of crime

greed, unemployment, poverty

unemployment example

in 2019 in maryhill, an area of high crime & unemployement, a man was shot in the head whilst waiting for the traffic lights

greed example

natalie mcgarry was jailed for embezzling £25,000 intended for a food bank

poverty example

in 2022, 33% of prison arrivals in scotland were from deprived areas

social causes of crime

poverty, alcohol, geography

alcohol example

between 2019-20, 44% of violent crimes were alchohol related

geography example

Dundee has the highest overall crime rate, with 849 per 10,000 committing crimes

biological causes of crime

warriors gene, gender, mental illness

warriors gene example

roughly 1/3 of males have the warriors gene

gender example

in 2019, 96% of scottish prisoners were men

mental illness example

aaron campbell, a described psychopath, murdered 6-yr old alisha macfail

impacts of crime on families

trauma, unemployment, relocation

family unemployment example

2019 victim support found that following murder cases ¼ family members stopped working

trauma families example

after Alisha Macfail was murdered in 2018, her father was prescribed anti-depressants

relocation families example

2019 victim support found that ¼ families moved homes following murder cases

impacts of crime on perpetrators

addiction, bad mental health, unemployment

addiction perpetrators example

¼ inmates leave prison with an illegal substance in their system

bad mental health perpetrators example

76% of scottish prisoners have bad mental health following jail

unemployment perpetrators example 75% of UK businesses have said they wouldn’t consider hiring and ex-prisoner

impacts of crime on victims

injury, bad mental health, replace stolen goods

injury victims example

62% of violent incidents resulted in injury in 2019

bad mental health victims example

research shows that 21-33% of violent crime victims develop PTSD

replace stolen goods victims example

crime cost scottish business’ over £5 billion in 2015

impacts of crime on communities

lower house prices, brings communities together, increased crime prevention

lower house prices communities example

west dumbartonshire avg. house price is only £136, 385 vs renfrewshire’s £303, 308

brings communities together example

in 2021-22 lots of demonstrations took place for clyde 1’s “light the way” campaign which brought large groups of women together

increased crime prevention in communities example

in 2022 glasgow city, an area with high crime rates, had more CCTV than anywhere in the UK

categories of crime

crimes of dishonesty, sexual crimes, non sexual crimes of violence

sexual crimes example

in 2024 james kelly was jailed for 10 yrs for a series of violent and sexual crimes

crimes of dishonesty example

james campbell was sentances 16 months in prison for fraud in 2024

non sexual crimes of violence example

nearly ¼ of crimes in scotland between 2023-24 were non sexual crimes on violence

crime is an increasing problem due to

increasing cyber crimes, increasing sexual crimes

increasing cyber crimes example

cyber crimes increased by 95% between 2019 & 2022

increasing sexual crimes example

there was a 70% increase in sexual crimes in the last 10 years

crime is a decreasing problem because

decreasing road traffic offences, decreasing non-sexual crimes

decreasing road traffic offences example

between 2013 & 2014 there was a 63% decrease in road traffic offences

decreasing non sexual crimes example

in recent years non sexual crimes of violence only accounted for 24% of overall crime

government responses to crime

introducing new laws, organising targeted campaigns

introducing new laws example

the introduction of the road traffic act in 2014 reduced the amount people can drink before driving

organising targeted campaigns example

“no knives better lives” campaign saw the rate of knife crike in the UK fall

roles of the CHS

listen and make legal decisions, deal with young offenders, protect and support young people

listen and make legal decisions example

9025 referrals were made on non offence grounds in 2022/23

deal with young offenders example

over 2000 referrals were made on offence grounds in 2022-23

protect and support young people example

nearly 2000 compulsory supervision requirements were placed in 2022-23

powers of the CHS

having a child supervised, removing a child from home, issuing a warrant to secure attendance

having a child supervised example

somebody skipping school may face regular visits from social work to discuss and monitor attendance

removing a child from home example

somebody may be moved if they have been a victim of abuse, if there is immediate concern for their safety, or if they are beyond parental control

issuing a warrant to secure arrest example

if a child or young person didn’t attend a meeting a warrant would allow the police to seek them out and take them into custody

political rights

standing as candidate, protesting, voting

protesting example

in 2020, people protested for BLM following the murder of george floyd

standing as candidate example

kamala harris stood as a candidate in the 2024 presidential election