ISMS Quiz

Liberalism advocated for: Constitutional

Constitutional monarchy or republican government

Liberalism advocated for: individual

Individual rights and civil liberties

Liberalism advocated for: free

Free market capitalism and laissez-faire economics

Liberalism advocated for: secular

Secular state authority separate from church influence

Liberalism advocated for: merit

Merit-based society rather than inherited privilege

Liberalism advocated for: middle

Middle class (bourgeoisie) as the driving force of progress

Conservatism defended: traditional

Traditional absolute monarchy and aristocratic privilege

Conservatism defended: established

Established church authority in social and political life

Conservatism defended: organic

Organic, hierarchical society based on inherited status

Conservatism defended: state

State regulation of economy to maintain social order

Conservatism defended: skepticism

Skepticism toward rapid change and abstract rights

Conservatism defended: alliance

Alliance of throne and altar against revolutionary forces

Liberalism & Conservatism clash manifested in events like: the

The French July Revolution of 1830 and Revolutions of 1848

Liberalism & Conservatism’s clash manifested in events like: constitutional

Constitutional reform movements across Europe

Liberalism & Conservatism clash manifested in events like: debates

Debates over suffrage expansion and civil rights

Early Liberal Nationalism (1815-1848): emphasized

Emphasized popular sovereignty and democratic self-determination

Early Liberal Nationalism (1815-1848): sought

Sought to unite people based on shared language and culture

Early Liberal Nationalism (1815-1848): led

Led by middle-class intellectuals and professionals

Early Liberal Nationalism (1815-1848): examples

Examples: Young Italy movement (Good context for unification - started but failed in 1848…but awake now)

Conservative Nationalism (post-1848): focused

Focused on power and prestige of existing states

Conservative Nationalism (post-1848): used

Used national unity to strengthen monarchical authority

Conservative Nationalism (post-1848): led

Led by traditional elites and state bureaucrats

Conservative Nationalism (post-1848): examples

Examples: Bismarck's German unification, Italian under Cavour (know this word!)

Romanticism Political Impact: celebrated

Celebrated national folk traditions and historical mythology

Romanticism Political Impact: inspired

Inspired revolutionary movements through emotional appeals

Romanticism Political Impact: provided

Provided artistic expression for nationalist aspirations

Romanticism Political Impact: examples

Examples: Wagner's operas, Grimm's fairy tales

Romanticism Cultural Influence: emphasized

Emphasized emotion, intuition, and individual experience

Romanticism Cultural Influence: rejected

Rejected Enlightenment rationalism and classical forms

Romanticism Cultural Influence: idealized

Idealized nature, medieval past, and rural life

Romanticism Cultural Influence: examples

Examples: Romantic artists: Friedrich, Delacroix, Goya, Constable, Turner

Early Utopian Socialism: sought

Sought to create perfect communities based on cooperation

Early Utopian Socialism: often

Often influenced by Christian and Romantic ideals

Early Utopian Socialism: leaders

Leaders: Saint-Simon, Fourier, Owen

Early Utopian Socialism: focused

Focused on peaceful transformation through example

Marxist Socialism: (Communist Manifesto 1848): developed

Developed systematic critique of capitalist society

Marxist Socialism: (Communist Manifesto 1848): emphasized

Emphasized class struggle and historical materialism

Marxist Socialism: (Communist Manifesto 1848): predicted

Predicted inevitable proletarian revolution

Marxist Socialism: (Communist Manifesto 1848): influenced

Influenced formation of worker's movements and parties

Liberal Feminism: focused

Focused on legal and political rights (especially suffrage)

Liberal Feminism: emphasized

Emphasized education and professional opportunities

Liberal Feminism: leaders

Leaders: Millicent Fawcett, John Stuart Mill

Liberal Feminism: worked

Worked within existing political system

Socialist Feminism: connected

Connected women's oppression to capitalist exploitation

Socialist Feminism: sought

Sought economic independence through labor rights

Socialist Feminism: leaders

Leaders: Clara Zetkin, Alexandra Kollontai

Socialist Feminism: often

Often faced tension between gender and class priorities

Realism Artistic Features: detailed

Detailed observation of contemporary life

Realism Artistic Features: focus

Focus on ordinary people and social problems

Realism Artistic Features: rejection

Rejection of Romantic idealization

Realism Artistic Features: examples

Examples: Courbet's paintings, Flaubert's novels

Realism Social impact: exposed

Exposed conditions of industrial working class

Realism Social impact: criticized

Criticized bourgeois hypocrisy and social inequality

Realism Social impact: influenced

Influenced development of naturalism and social criticism

Realism Social impact: example

Example: Charles Dickens's social commentary