Particle Model - Physics

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When the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance increases, what happens to the substance?

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Physics

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1

When the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance increases, what happens to the substance?

Temperature increases

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2

When the pressure inside a closed container is much bigger than the pressure outside the container, what can happen?

Explosion

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3

When the pressure outside an open container is bigger than the pressure inside, what happens?

Air moves into the container

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4

Complete this sentence: Decreasing the temperature of a gas …............... the gas pressure.

decreases

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5

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'temperature'?

ϴ (the Greek letter theta)

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6

What symbol is used instead of writing the words 'specific heat capacity'?

c

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7

What piece of equipment is used to measure length?

ruler

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8

In what case would an object lose heat to the surroundings?

When the surroundings are colder than the object.

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9

Why do substances have different melting points?

Different forces between particles

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10

Define the specific latent heat of vaporisation of a substance.

Amount of energy needed to boil 1 kg of the substance with no change in temperature

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11

At what temperature do melting and freezing take place for water?

0 ᵒC

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12

State the unit of temperature.

degrees Celcius or ᵒC

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13

Which state of matter is usually the least dense?

gas

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14

When particles move faster, their …........... energy increases.

kinetic

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15

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid.

Closely packed, not regular arrangement

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16

What causes gas pressure?

Collisions of particles

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17

Why does ice melt faster when placed on most metals than on most non-metals?

Metals are better conductors of heat

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18

in what case would an object absorb heat from the surroundings?

When the surroundings are hotter than the object.

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19

What is volume?

The amount of space an object fills

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20

Why do substances expand when heated?

The particles gain kinetic energy and move further apart

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21

How can gas turn to liquid without increasing temperature?

Increasing pressure

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22

What is a system?

A group of interacting parts

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23

What happens to the density of a substance when it is heated and expands

Decreases

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24

State the equation linking density, mass and volume.

Mass = density x volume

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25

Which state(s) of matter can be compressed?

gas

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26

Are changes of state physical or chemical changes?

physical

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27

What name is given to the total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a system?

Internal energy

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28

When the pressure inside an open container is bigger than the pressure outside, what happens?

Air moves out of the container

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29

Why do liquids and gases take the shape of their container?

The particles can move around

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30

What piece of equipment is used to measure the volume of a liquid?

Measuring cylinder

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31

At what temperature do boiling and condensing take place for water?

100 ᵒC

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32

When a force decreases the volume of a substance the substance has been …

Compressed

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33

In the particle model of matter, what are 'particles'?

Atoms, molecules or ions

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34

What name is given to the mass per unit volume of a material?

density

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35

When particles move further apart, their …................ energy increases.

potential

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36

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'volume'?

V

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37

Why don't solids take the shape of their container?

The particles can't move around

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38

Name the state change: Solid to gas.

Sublimation

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39

At what temperature do melting and freezing take place?

The melting point

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40

Describe the forces between particles in a liquid.

Weaker than in a solid

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41

Name the state change: Liquid to gas.

Boiling

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42

How do you convert from cm³ to m³?

÷ 1,000,000

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43

How do you convert from g into kg?

÷ 1000

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44

On a cooling or heating curve, what is happening in the horizontal sections?

Change of state at constant temperature

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45

Describe the motion of the particles in a gas.

Move freely and randomly with a range of speeds and directions

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46

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'density'?

ρ (the Greek letter rho)

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47

At what temperature do boiling and condensing take place?

The boiling point

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48

What piece of equipment is used to measure temperature?

Thermometer

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49

Why is mass conserved during state changes?

No particles are added or taken away

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50

Why can't liquids and solids be compressed?

There isn't space between the particles

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51

Complete this sentence: Increasing the temperature of a gas …............... the gas pressure.

increases

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52

The force exerted by particles in a gas colliding with each other and the walls of the container causes …

Gas pressure

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53

Why are solids usually denser than liquids and gases?

More particles per unit volume

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54

Why can't solids flow?

The forces between particles are too strong so the particles can't move around

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55

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'energy'?

E

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56

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid.

Closely packed, regular arrangement

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57

Latent heat of vaporisation relates to which state change?

Liquid to gas OR boiling

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58

What is evaporation?

The change from liquid to gas below the boiling point

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59

In what 3 ways can gas pressure be increased?

Smaller volume, higher temperature, more particles

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60

State the unit of density

kg/m³ or kilogram per cubic metre

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61

Why are solids usually the best conductors of heat and electricity?

The particles are closely packed

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62

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'mass'?

m

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63

Why does ice melt faster when placed on a surface which is a better conductor of heat?

Heat transfers to the ice faster

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64

Which part of internal energy relates to changes of state?

Potential energy

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65

Why can liquids and gases flow?

The forces between particles are weak enough for the particles to move around

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66

What symbol is used instead of writing the word 'change'?

△ (the Greek letter delta)

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67

Describe the forces between particles in a gas.

Almost zero

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68

Name the state change: Liquid to solid.

Freezing

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69

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas.

Far apart

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70

Which state of matter: Particles close together and can move over each other.

liquid

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71

Explain why increasing the temperature of a gas increases the gas pressure.

Particles have more kinetic energy and move faster so collide more often with a greater force

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72

What piece of equipment is used to measure mass?

Mass balance

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73

Name the state change: Gas to liquid.

Condensing

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74

On a cooling or heating curve, what is happening in the sloping sections?

Change of temperature

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75

Which state of matter: Particles closely packed and vibrate on the spot.

Solid

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76

Define the specific heat capacity of a substance.

Amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 ᵒC

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77

Why do hotter fluids rise above colder fluids?

Hotter fluids are less dense than colder fluids

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78

Which state changes can occur when a substance is heated?

Melting and boiling

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79

Latent heat of fusion relates to which state change?

Solid to liquid OR melting

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80

Describe the forces between particles in a solid.

strong

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81

Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.

Amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg of the substance with no change in temperature

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82

Name the state change: Solid to liquid.

Melting

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83

Which state of matter is usually the most dense?

solid

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84

Describe the motion and kinetic energy of the particles in a solid.

Vibrate about fixed positions, low kinetic energy

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85

State the unit of energy.

joules OR J

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86

Are changes of state reversible or irreversible?

Reversible

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87

What is conserved during changes of state?

mass

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88

State the equation linking density, mass and volume using symbols.

m = ρV

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89

Why can gases be compressed?

There is space between the particles

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90

Define internal energy

The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a system

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91

Which state changes can occur when a substance is cooled?

Condensing and freezing

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92

When the pressure outside a closed container is much bigger than the pressure inside the container, what can happen?

Implosion/collapse

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93

When a substance is heated and increases in temperature without changing state its particles gain …............... energy.

kinetic

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94

Describe the motion and kinetic energy of the particles in a liquid.

Move around, higher kinetic energy than in a solid

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95

Which state of matter is usually the best conductor of heat and electricity?

solid

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96

Which state(s) of matter can flow?

Liquid and gas

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97

How is density related to floating?

Less dense substances float on more dense substances

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98

Describe the kinetic energy of the particles in a gas.

high

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99

The energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 ᵒC is called the …

Specific heat capacity

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100

Define density.

Mass per unit volume

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