SSCREWR REVIEWER L1-L5

MIDTERMS EXAM TERM 2

Imaginative Writing

Also termed as Creative Writing

A mode of writing characterized by inventiveness of situation, perspective, or story, and distinguished from other modes such as expository and persuasive writing.

Consider any writing that is original and self-expressive.

Self-expressive

Having the artistic license or freedom to apply their personal style to the form and function of the text.

Technical Writing

The author writes about a particular subject that requires direction, instruction, or explanation (Reports of teachers, scientists, forest rangers, etc.)

Follow the standard format in writing, which is in essay form

Academic Writing

Concerned with written texts related to school or the academy ; school reports, reflection essays, reaction papers, etc.

A formal style of writing that researchers and educators use in scholarly publications.

Sensory Experience

One of the keys to imaginative writing.

Helps the readers visualize the story or meaning behind the words.

Types of Sensory Imagery

Visual Imagery(Sight)

Gustatory Imagery(Taste)

Tactile Imagery(Touch)

Auditory Imagery(Hearing)

Olfactory Imagery(Smell)

Kinesthetic Imagery(Movement)

Imagery

Produces a mental image of our ideas in the reader’s minds w/ only our use of words.

Diction

Writer’s own way of expressing their ideas and their way of choosing the best word that would fit the context of the text. It’s what makes your work different from others. All written forms of communication (including oral) are made up of words.

Visual Imagery

Directly experienced through the narrator’s eyes.

Includes: Colors, shapes, size, and pattern.

Auditory Imagery

Describes what we hear from music to noise to pure silence.

Olfactory Imagery

Describes what we smell.

Gustatory Imagery

Describes what we taste.

Tactile Imagery

Describes what we feel or touch. Includes movement.

Kinesthetic Imagery

Describes movements.

• Use strong and exact verbs 

  • Replace the bland and ineffective terms w/ precise ones.

• Use specific words 

• Select words w/ the best connotation 

• Use a specific color 

• Avoid clichés

• Use of varied words 

• Maintain a consistent tone 

• Be concise

• Use adjectives and adverbs appropriately 

Tips To Use Words Effectively In Your Writing

Poetry

A literary art form.

Conveys a thought, describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words.

Can be structured with rhyming lines and meter.

Refers to poems as a whole literary art of writing a poem.

“Spontaneous overflow of feeling.”

William Wordsworth

“Emotion recollected in tranquility.”

William Wordsworth

“Moment lived.”

Gémino Abad

Poem

Fundamental unit of poetry and one single work in poetry.

Growth and development of Philippine Poetry (Gemino Abad)

1. Romantic

2. Formalist / A habit of shores 

3. Narrative Clearing / Open Clearing

Romantic

• From Fernando Maramag to Garcia Villa 

  • Wrote poems that represented our way of life

• A time of linguistic apprenticeship 

• Still exploring the possibilities of the English language 

• Mixed the english romantic sensibility with local culture & context

Formalist / A Habit of Shores

• From Edith Tiempo to Cirilo Bautista

  • (Graduates of lowa writing program)

  • Started using metaphor, emotion restraint, and prioritizing organic unity.

• New criticism invaded the Philippines through writer’s workshops and writing programs.

• Use of English language has been more creative.

• Writers were seemingly comfortable in asserting nuances.

Open Clearing / Narrative Clearing

• No formal constraints when labelling a text as a poetry.

• Mastered the English language and started to create poems from and not merely in English.

• Writers were ‘at home’ in a language originally not their own .

Rhyme

Repetition of syllables, typically at the end of a verse line.

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllable.

Repetition of similar sounds, enhances the musical quality of a poetic line.

Meter

Rhythmic pattern of a poetic line.

Measuring the stressed and unstressed syllable.

Divided into feet, the basic unit of measurement.

Types of Rhyme

1. End Rhyme

2. Internal Rhyme

3. Eye Rhyme

4. Feminine Rhyme / Double Rhyme

5. Slant Rhyme

End Rhyme

Rhyming of the end syllables of a line.

Internal Rhyme

Rhyme within the line of the verse, usually when a word from middle of a line is rhymed with a word at the end of the line.

Eye Rhyme

Rhyme occurs only in the eyes; the words look similar, but they don’t sound similar.

Feminine Rhyme / Double Rhyme

Involves two syllables; especially the penultimate(next to last) syllable.

Slant Rhyme

It may cover assonance and consonance.

Assonance

Occurs when vowel sounds in words are identical.

Consonance

Occurs when similar consonant sounds are identical.

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds.

When words near one another repeat the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words.

Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration

Poetic devices that richly enhance the musicality of a verse.

Syllable

Made up of a single vowel sound and any surrounding consonant sounds.

Poetic Foot

1. Iamb

2. Trochee

3. Dactyl

4. Anapest

5. Spondee

6. Pyrrhic

Iamb

1 unstressed + 1 stressed (1U + 1/)

Unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable

Trochee

1 stressed + 1 unstressed (1/ + 1U)

Stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable 

Dactyl

1 stressed + 2 unstressed (1/ + 2U)

Stressed  followed by 2 unstressed syllables. Usually found in ancient epics. 

Anapest

2 stressed + 1 unstressed (2/ + 1U)

Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable

Spondee

2 stressed (2/)

Two stressed syllables 

Pyrrhic

2 unstressed (2U)

Two unstressed syllables

One(Mono)

Monometer

Two(Di)

Dimeter

Three(Tri)

Trimeter

Four(Tetra)

Tetrameter

Five(Penta)

Pentameter

Six(Hexa)

Hexameter

Seven(Hepta)

Heptameter

Eight(Octa)

Octameter

End Stop & Enjambled

Line and Form

End Stop

Ends naturally where the thought ends (as in in a phrase or sentence), where the punctuation may be. 

Enjambled

Runs over from one poetic line to the next without punctuation, breaking the line of thought 

Theme

Main idea or message the poet wants to convey.

Underlying meaning or the lesson of the poem.

Tone

Poet’s attitude or feeling towards the subject or the audience

Metaphor

“Talking about one thing by describing something else that may seem roundabout but is not.”

-Jane Hirshfield

Types of Narrative

1. Epic

2. Ballad

Epic

Long narrative poem about the exploits of a hero in dignified style are significant to the culture of the poet. (e.g. Beowulf, Iliad, Odyssey, Biag ni Lam-Ang)

Ballad

Short narrative poem about the adventures of a hero; a poem composed to be sung.

Lyric

Form of poetry that expresses the writer’s feelings, emotions, or message to the reader.

Ode

A serious reflection on life and nature. It gives exaltation to an object or person.

Elegy

Expresses the sorrow over one’s death. Basically a yearning song.

Sonnet

Lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal rhyme scheme or pattern.

Petrarchan

1 octave (8-line poem) + 1 sestet (6-line poem)

Shakespearean

3 quatrains (4-line poem) + 1 (6-line poem)

Eclogue

Pastoral poem usually a dialogue between two shepherds.

Hymn

A sacred ode or praises; song in honor of God.

Song

Has a particularly melodious quality and is intended to be sung.

Dramatic

1. Comedy

2. Tragicomedy

3. Melodrama

4. Burlesque

5. Opera

6. Tragedy

Comedy

Involves high born characters faced with a domestic problem but ends happily.

Tragicomedy

Tragedy with a happy ending with disguises and discoveries.

Melodrama

A play with music of highly sensational incidents but with a happy ending with exaggerated conflicts and emotions.

Burlesque

A ludicrous skit tending to excite laughter by extravagant contrast.

Opera

Musical drama with an orchestra.

Tragedy

Serious, sorrowful event ending to death.