Theology Final

Brahman

the ground existence and the divine essence of the universe

Atman

the eternal self

monism

the doctrine that states all reality is one

* lakes, rivers→ocean

The student, Householder, forest dweller, wondering asitetic are…

the 4 stages of Hindu life

The house dweller focuses on?

career and family life

The forest dweller…

retreats from society to engage in spiritual quest

The Wondering Ascetic…

returns to society but is detached from distractions of social life

What are the Knowledge, Works, Devotion?

The three path to liberation

The path of Knowledge is a?

study scripture

The path of works means?

active life

The path of Devotion means"?

worship

Samsara

wheel of rebirth

* reincarnated from one life to another until moksha is achieved

Karma

action or deed

* cause and effect

Dharma

ethical duty based on Divine order of reality

• Priests

• warriors

• producers

• servants

4 distinct classes of caste system

• Sensual pleasure

• material success

• harmony with Dharma

• happiness from good actions

the four goals in life

Krishna and Arjuna

The two main characters in the Bhagavad Gita

What did Krishna do?

cames a counselor and guided Arjuna to see his path

What role did Arjuna play?

questioned his path as a warrior

What are 2 similarities between Hinduism and Catholicisim?

• teach forgiveness, nonviolence

• deities are like saints

What are two differences between Hinduism and Catholicisim

• belief in multiple Gods

• Christians believe the bible has all the answers

  • Hinudus→ all roads can lead to answers

What took place from 1962-1965

The Second Vatican Council

John XXII and Pope VI were in charge of what ?

The Second Vatican Council

2500 bishops, theological expects, and observers went to what

The Second Vatican Council

Where was the Second Vatican Council located?

St.Peters Basilica, Rome

How many documents did the Second Vatican Council produce?

16 documents

The Nostra Aetate was a document that…

addressed the Church’s relation to non-christian religions

For the first time the Catholic Church…

opened their religion to other religions, nations, and non-catholic people

Doctorinal examples →

beliefs, teachings

Experiential examples →

encounters, faith (miracles)

Mythical examples →

scared stories, truth (Noah’s Ark)

Ethical examples →

how to act (10 commandments)

Ritual examples →

formal worship practice (church)

Social examples →

sense of community

Comparative and Empathy are

two methods of studying world religions

Buddha, The Dharma, Songha are

the three Jewels of Buddhism

The ongoing_______can be escaped through liberation

Samsara

Nirvana means

blowing out

What does Nirvana(blowing out) imply?

all selfish desires have been extinguished

• The decrepit old man

• diseased man

• corpse

• religious ascetic

The Four Passing Sights

Who saw the Four Passing Sights?

Gautama

What is the Middle Way doctrine?

• rejects sensual pleasures and the self-denial of ascetism

• a practical approach to spiritual attainment

What are the Four Noble Truths?

the truth of

• suffering

• cause of suffering

• the end of suffering

• path that leads to the end of suffering

Who did not require a model to provide teaching to lead them to enlightenment?

Buddha

How are Buddhism and Catholicism the same?

• teach showing love to others to improve your well being in this life and the next

• provide steps for people to live a better life (Eight Fold Path & 10 Commandments)

How are Buddhism and Catholicism different?

• Buddha’s do not believe in God

• Catholics do not believe in reincarnation

What are the defining Characteristics of Jainism?

• Ahimsa

  • the principle of nonviolence

• Asceticism

Tirthankaras (Jainism)

* spiritual conquerors that have attained salvation

Who was the most important tirthankara (Jainism)?

* Mahavira
* contemporary of Buddha

What is Kevala (Jainism)?

* Enlightenment
* released from Samsara

What is Jiva (Jainism)?

perfectly pure souls

What is Ajiva (Jainism)?

forms of matter

How are Jiva and Ajiva intertwined (Jainism)?

they become entwined and the quest for salvation is for the Jiva to make itself clean

What is a Guru (Sikhism)?

a spiritual teacher

What does Grur refer to (Sikhism)?

refers to Guru Nanak and his successors, Sikhism's sacred text, and God

What is the Adi Granth (Sikhism)?

sacred scriptures

What does the Adi Granth teach (Sikhism)?

* teaches the ultimate purpose of life and salvation is complete union with God
* Monotheistic

What is a Gurdwara (Sikhism)?

a house of worship

What are the Five K’s (Sikhism)?

• uncut hair

• comb

• steel wrist guard

• sword/knife

• pair of shorts

Who was Confucius (Confucianism)?

• founder

• followed tradition rather than new ideas

What is Learning (Confucianism)?

• what it means to be human

• a mature and benevolent person

What is Li (Confucianism)?

• proper behavior in any situation

• carries the significance of sacred ritual

What is Wen (Confucianism)?

Cultural arts as a source of moral education

How does Confucianism say relationships start?

with the self, then family, nation, and entire world of humanity which is intimately connected

Who are Lao Tzu & Chuang Tzu (Taoism)?

founders of Taoism

What is the Tao Te Ching and Chuang Tzu (Taoism)?

foundational text

What is Tao (Taoism)?

ultimate source and principle of order in the universe

What is Yi__**n**__ (Taoism)?

• negative

• passive

• feminine earthly

What is Yang (Taoism)?

• positive

• active

• masculine

• heavenly

What is Wu-wei (Taoism)?

• nonaction

• in perfect harmony with nature

  • (Tao of Pooh)

What is Zen (Zen Buddhism)?

* meditation
* started in India then spread to China and then to Japan

What does Zen emphasize (Zen Buddhism)?

Direct experience and is beyond logical thinking

What are Koans (Zen Buddhism)?

* puzzles designed to short circuit logical, rational mind and lead direct to insight
* the riddles done in class

What is Satori (Zen Buddhism)?

Zen enlightenment, a pure experience

What are some activities and art crafts done in Zen Buddhism?

• Landscaping( Zen Gardens)

• Flower Arranging

• Sword Play

• Archery

• Literature (Haiku)

What is Shinto (Shinto)?

• Japan’s native religious tradition

• emphasizes rituals over doctrines

What is Kami (Shinto)?

divine ancestors and sacred inhabitants of the land

* nature s sacred

Where can worship take place (Shinto)?

• homes

• Shrines

• during festivals

What is a Kamidana (Shinto)?

altar in the home

* prayer spaces we made at home

What is a Torii (Shinto)?

Shrine entrance which is recognized as the symbol of Shinto

What is Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrianism)?

• the religion of ancient Iran

• oldest living religions

Who is the founder of Zoroastrianism (Zoroastrianism)?

Zarathustra

• lived during the 6th or 5th century BC

• preached Monotheism

Who was the one true God (Zoroastrianism)?

Ahura Mazda

What must humans choose between (Zoroastrianism)?

Truth and Lie

* choice has eternal consequences

Where will the good and bad go when they die (Zoroastrianism)?

The good will enter paradise and the evil will be cast down into an abyss of torment

The Greek classical period began with the epic poet named (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

Homer

* around 750 BC

Homeric religion is (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

POLYtheistic

The gods and goddesses are (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

* anthropomorphic
* take on human qualities

How did Gods comminite their desires to mortals (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

• through direct conversations with heroes

• through dreams

• ominous signs

• Oracles

What are Oracles (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

shrine/sanctuary where revelation of gods are received

What was the afterlife like (Religion in Ancient Greece)?

dark and dreary underworld where souls remembered their earthly lives with regret and longing

Roman gods and goddesses had counterparts in the (Religion in the Roman World)?

Olympian Pantheon

What is a pantheon (Religion in the Roman World)?

a group of gods or a temple devoted to the gods

The deities belonged to what (Religion in the Roman World )?

numina

* supernatural powers with a specific function

Mystery religions were also popular in (Religion in the Roman World )?

Rome

What was another facet in Roman religion(Religion in the Roman World)?

emperor worship

What is the root meaning of the name Islam (Islam)?

surrender or submission

Qur’an literally means (Islam)?

reading or recitation

Who do Muslims believe is the final prophet (Islam)?

Muhammad

What do Muslims believe Muhammad does (Islam)?

reveals the will of Allah fully and precisely and for all time