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fatricide
The act of killing one's brother, fundamentally linked to the founding of Rome as per the legend of Romulus and Remus.
civil war
A conflict within a country; early Roman history is heavily influenced by themes of civil war and strife.
pietas
A Roman virtue embodying duty to the gods, family, and country; central to the character of Aeneas in the Aeneid.
Aeneid
An epic poem written by Virgil, chronicling the journey of Aeneas from Troy to the founding of Rome.
oligarchs
Wealthy elites in Roman society who bought up land leading to increased social inequality.
Virgil's influence
Virgil was heavily influenced by Homer and aimed to create a distinctly Roman epic through the Aeneid.
Juno
The queen of the gods, who opposes Aeneas due to her anger towards the Trojans and her favoritism towards Carthage.
Augustus
First Roman emperor, who sought to restore Roman values and stability after years of civil war.
Turnus
The primary antagonist in the Aeneid, representing the old heroic ideals and directly opposing Aeneas.
Xenia
The ancient Greek concept of hospitality; highlighted in Aeneas' dealings with other nations.
Rome's foundation
The mythological founding of Rome by Romulus in 753 BC, rooted in themes of fratricide and violence.
Foreshadowing
A literary device used by Virgil to hint at future events, such as Aeneas' destiny and Rome's fate.
Carthage
The city founded by Dido, serving as a key antagonist in the story due to Juno's support of Dido against Aeneas.
Gaius Gracchus
A Roman politician who proposed reforms to help the poor, leading to his eventual assassination.
Maecenas
A patron of the arts during the reign of Augustus, associated with promoting literature and cultural development.
proemium
The introductory passage in epic poetry; used by Virgil to invoke the Muse at the beginning of the Aeneid.
Homeric code
The set of values emphasizing honor, glory, and personal relationships consistent in Homer's epics, which Virgil subverts in the Aeneid.
displacement
The theme of characters being displaced reminds of the struggles faced by Aeneas and reflects broader concepts of loss and identity.
Illiad
An ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer, focusing on the Trojan War, serving as a significant influence on Virgil's Aeneid.
nekyia
A rite of the dead, particularly invoked in epic literature, reflective of Aeneas' journey to the underworld for revelations.
Fortunato
The foundational belief in Roman destiny; associated with Aeneas’ journey being divinely guided by fate.
