JFK Notes

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21 Terms

1
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U-2 Incident

A diplomatic crisis in 1960 when an American spy plane was shot down over Soviet territory, leading to the failure of Eisenhower's diplomacy.

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Flexible Response Doctrine

Kennedy's strategy to replace mutually assured destruction with a flexible approach to nuclear conflict, allowing room for negotiations.

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Alliance for Progress

A program announced by Kennedy in 1961 promising $20 billion in aid to Latin America aimed at preventing revolutions.

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Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II.

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The Missiles of October

The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, where Kennedy and Khrushchev engaged in a standoff over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

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Camelot

A term used to describe the Kennedy administration, likening it to the legendary court of King Arthur.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed CIA-led invasion of Cuba in 1961 aimed at toppling Fidel Castro's regime.

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The March on Washington

A large rally held in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech, advocating for civil rights.

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Mississippi Summer

A campaign launched in 1964 to increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

A landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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James Meredith

The first African American student admitted to the University of Mississippi, requiring federal intervention for his protection.

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Kennedy-Nixon Debates

The first televised presidential debates in U.S. history, which highlighted the contrasting styles and issues of the candidates.

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Military-Industrial Complex

A term used by Eisenhower to describe the relationship between a nation's military and the defense industry that influences public policy.

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The Catholic Issue

The challenge faced by John F. Kennedy during his presidential campaign regarding his being a Roman Catholic.

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Robert McNamara

The 8th U.S. Secretary of Defense under JFK, known for employing quantitative methods to manage military strategies.

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Berlin Wall

A barrier that divided East and West Berlin, erected in August 1961 to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West.

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Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961.

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Buddhist Crisis

A series of protests by Buddhist monks against the government of Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam, which eventually led to U.S. intervention.

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Letter from Birmingham Jail

An open letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. while imprisoned, defending the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism.

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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

An international treaty prohibiting all aboveground nuclear tests, negotiated by the Kennedy administration with the Soviets.

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Kennedy's New Frontier

Kennedy's domestic agenda aimed at addressing poverty, civil rights, and economic growth.