History Midterm

God, Gold, Glory Columbus in the Dominican Republic mestizo culture disease Bartolomé de las Casas and the "Black Legend"

God, Gold, Glory Columbus in the Dominican Republic mestizo culture disease Bartolomé de las Casas and the "Black Legend"

Spanish conquest

in Canada trading fur conflicts with the Iroquois Confederacy (Beaver Wars) Jesuit priests

French conquest

fishing and pirating conflicts with the Spanish established roanoke, which failed mercantilism, Virginia Stock Company, tobacco

English conquest

inflation, Columbian exchange, religious syncretism

consequences of Spanish conquest

problems with Spanish, religious problems, shipping and exports

consequences of english conquest

native conflicts

consequences of french conquest

direct representation

American colonies advocated for this type of representation Elected representatives make their own decisions regarding polititcs

virtual representation

British Parliament advocated for this type of representation Parliament speaks on behalf of all British colonies

direct taxation

taxes placed on all goods sold and purchased inside the nation

indirect taxation

taxes placed on trade and export goods

Bacon's Rebellion indentured servitude wasn't working out slaves used for domestic labor and skilled, heavy labor cheap

causes of slavery

Baltimore & Calvert: Catholic haven religious tolerance

Maryland

Separatists that left Holland ended up in Massachusetts

Pilgrims

created for Puritan immigration

Massachusetts Bay Company

John Winthrop church, family, and town theocracy

Massachusetts Bay Colony

joint proprietorship informal separation between north and south Virginia overflow population

Carolina

settled by the Dutch diverse

New York

owned by Quakers

New Jersey

William Penn, quaker religious persecution

Pennsylvania

debtor's prison slaves and plantations

Georgia

all parts of society represented in theory not many voters taxed colonies for money after the F&I War benign neglect

British government

land speculators vs. French in Ohio Indians sided w/French and British resulted in the Treaty of Paris 1763 and the Proclamation Line

French & Indian War

Stamp Act

tax on legal documents, customs papers, newspapers, almanacs, college diplomas, playing cards, and dice had to bear a special stamp

the Coercive Acts

Boston Port Act, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, and the Quartering Act

Boston Port Act

Closed the Boston harbor until all the East India tea was paid for

Massachusetts Government Act

Crown in control of town and colonial government – permission to meet

Justice Act

Royal officials not tried by colonials

Quartering Act

Soldiers quartered in any uninhabited private home Those leaving Boston to escape control lose home

Sugar Act

lowered the duty on foreign molasses, but tightened enforcement

Tea Act

a bailout of the East India Company by giving them a monopoly on tea trade in Americas

no representation increased taxation increased control colonies thought Britain saw them as inferior

causes of the American Revolution

Boston Tea Party refused to pay taxes consumed fewer British goods boycotts

resistance to British control pre-1776

Chesapeake colonies (Virginia, Maryland, NC)

tobacco cash crop slaves conflicts w Powhatan confederacy lack of industry

Southern colonies (SC, Georgia)

sugar and rice trade with England slave codes & Stono Rebellion

Middle colonies (NY, NJ, Pennsylvania, Delaware)

Beaver Wars w the Iroquois breadbasket large middle class religious tolerance

New England colonies (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut)

slavery not prevalent lots of towns large middle class expanding population leads to decreased religious hold

political parties expanding nation = more govt action American identity NOT unified

post 1804 america

Article 1 of the Constitution

legislative branch (necessary and proper cause) -Congress ~senate ~House of Representatives

Chief Little Turtles leading Natives against white forces in Ohio and Indiana

conflicts with Natives on the frontier

Article 2 of the Constitution

executive branch -president + vp -cabinet electoral college

Article 4 of the Constitution

states, citizenship, new states

Article 5 of the Constituiton

amendment process

Article 3 of the Constitution

judiciary branch -supreme court -inferior courts (as necessary)

Article 7 of the Constitution

ratification

checks and balances

each branch checks the other branch

Article 6 of the Constitution

debt (people assume previous debts from Revolution), supremacy

legislative branch

controls money, taxes, laws, postal service, arts and science, judiciary, war/crime, choose what's necessary and proper

executive branch

commander in chief, treaties (w/Senate), state of the Union, removal, enforces laws

judiciary branch

cases involving US, cases between states

do enslaved people count as citizens how much power does each state get how much power does the federal govt get

conflicts regarding the Articles of the Constitution

characteristics of the AoC

Congress didn't have enough power -couldn't regulate tax or trade states didn’t have to follow federal laws and treaties states had their own laws and didn’t have to follow other states’ laws no executive branch or national court system any amendment required all 13 states’ approval

French & Indian War

what war resulted in the Treaty of Paris 1763

American Revolution

what conflict resulted in the Treaty of Paris 1783

French left British territory

results of treaty of paris 1763

westward expansion into ohio valley and across mississippi river

results of treaty of paris 1783

called to revise the articles of confederation mainly caused by Shay's Rebellion

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Bill of Rights

guaranteed individual freedoms from central government for Anti-Federalists first ten amendments

allowed each state two representatives in Senate allowed a number of representatives in the House based on population

Great Compromise

federalism

the principle of having a central government in addition to state governments

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

asserted states' rights over federal law freedom of the press freedom to reject federal law

in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts

why were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions written

Jefferson and Madison

who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

election of 1792

George Washington and John Adams re-elected

quasi war

undeclared naval war with the French

election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tie for president

election of 1796

John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

12th amendment

instituted to prevent opposing president and vp

1804

Thomas Jefferson was re-elected in

Revolution of 1800

saw a transition of power between opposing factions without bloodshed

George Washington's Presidency

he created a cabinet non-partisan

Judiciary Act of 1789

Judiciary largely undefined until

George Washington

stressed neutrality in the French Revolution

John Adam's Presidency

Federalist XYZ Affair Quasi War

Thomas Jefferson's Presidency

co-authored the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions democrat-republican

Hamilton's Economic Plan

report on manufacturers established the first Bank of the US limited tariff implied powers and loose construction for Congress

Bank of US

part of Hamilton's economic plan signed under Washington

Federalist Papers

85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton & John Jay during 1787-88 Pointed out checks & balances of separation of power: each branch checks the other branches Balance between political factions Had to promise a Bill of Rights

judicial review

part of the system of checks and balances allows the judiciary branch to check the other branches of federal govt result of Marbury vs. Madison

post 1789 america

new constitution (with amendments) judiaciary act set up court system Bill of Rights – the Anti-Federalist legacy

aristocracy of merit

those who work hard and gain material wealth deserve social recognition

republican motherhood

combined the confidence and abilities of American women into a redefinition of citizenship

political parties

democrat republicans vs federalists george washington warned against these efined by regional and economic interests

causes of the War of 1812

War declared by a split Congress European trade problems British failures to comply with treaties (disrespect) War Hawks = generation of new government officials who had not seen war

results of the War of 1812

Commercial Treaty (1815) = nearly free trade w/England and British Empire Rush-Bagot agreement (1817) set northern boundary of U.S. Defeat of Napoleon ended most problems between Britain and U.S. Indians lost last European ally = must now work with the U.S. government

alexander hamilton and john jay

who wrote the federalists papers