Sports Med Vocab

Acute

An injury with sudden onset and short duration

Atrophy

Wasting away of tissue or of an organ; decrease in the size of a body part or muscle

Bending

Force on a horizontal beam or bone that places stresses within the structure

Bursae

Pieces of synovial membrane that contain a small amount of fluid

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursae at sites of bony prominences between muscle and tendon

Chronic

Injury with long onset and long duration

Clonic

Involuntary muscle contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation in rapid succession

Closed fracture

A fracture that does not penetrate superficial tissue

Compression

Force that crushes tissue

Contusion

Compression of soft tissue that results in bleeding into surrounding tissues

Contracture

Permanent contraction of a muscle as a result of spasm or paralysis

Crepitus

Crackling sound heard during the movement of ends of a broken bone

Deformation

Change in shape of a tissue

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Pain caused by overexertion in exercise

Diastasis

Separation of articulating bones

Dislocation

A bone is forced out of alignment and stays out until surgically or manually replaced or reduced

Ecchymosis

Black-and-blue skin discoloration caused by hemorrhage

Edema

Swelling as a result of the collection of fluid in connective tissue

Elasticity

Property that allows a tissue to return to normal following deformation

Hematoma

Blood tumor

Load

Outside force or forces acting on tissue

Mechanical failure

Elastic limits of tissue are exceeded

Mechanical injury

Trauma caused by an external force

Muscle cramps

Involuntary muscle contractions

Muscle guarding

Muscle contraction in response to pain

Myositis ossificans

Myositis marked by ossification of muscles

Neuritis

Inflammation of a nerve

Neuropraxia

Disruption of normal nerve function without degeneration thus interrupting conduction of an impulse down the nerve fiber

Open fracture

Overlying skin is lacerated by protruding bone fragments

Osteoarthritis

Chronic disease involving joints in which there is destruction of articular or hyaline cartilage and bony overgrowth

Osteoblasts

Bone-producing cells

Osteoclasts

Cells that resorb bone

Shearing

Force that moves across the parallel organization of the tissue

Sprain

Stretch

Stiffness

Ability of a tissue to resist a load

Strain

Extent of deformation of tissue under loading

Stress

The internal reaction or resistance to an external load

Subluxation

Partial or incomplete dislocation of an articulation

Tendon

Tough band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Tendinitis

Inflammation of a tendon

Tendinosis

Degeneration of a tendon without inflammation

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of a tendon synovial sheath

Tension

Force that pulls or stretches tissue

Tonic

Type of muscle contraction characterized by constant contraction that lasts for a period of time

Torsion

Act or state of being twisted

Trauma

A physical injury or wound sustained in sport and produced by an external or internal force

Viscoelastic

Any material whose mechanical properties vary depending on rate of load

Yield point

Elastic limit of tissue