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Energy
The ability to perform work, resulting from the movement and transfer of energy.
Metabolism
The series of chemical processes that occur within living organisms.
Enzymes
Protein catalysts found in cells that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed.
Kinetic Energy
Energy possessed by objects in motion.
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored, often found in chemical bonds.
Thermodynamics
The branch of science that investigates energy and energy transfer in physical matter.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or annihilated, only converted or transferred.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Energy spreads out spontaneously, resulting in increased entropy.
Metabolic Pathway
A sequence of chemical reactions involved in the synthesis, modification, or breakdown of organic molecules.
Catabolic Pathways
Processes that produce energy by decomposing larger molecules.
Anabolic Pathways
Processes that consume energy to create larger molecules.
Reactant
A substance that enters into a chemical reaction and undergoes change.
Product
A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Activation Energy
The initial amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
Active Site
The region on an enzyme where substrates attach and the reaction takes place.
Induced Fit
The phenomenon where an enzyme changes shape slightly to accommodate a substrate.
Competitive Inhibition
A situation in which an inhibitor competes with a substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.
Noncompetitive Inhibition
An inhibitor that attaches to a site on the enzyme other than the active site, changing its shape.
Allosteric Site
A regulatory site on an enzyme where molecules can bind to modulate its activity.
Lock and Key Model
A theory that explains how enzymes fit precisely with specific substrates.
Substrate
The molecule that interacts with an enzyme in a reaction.
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