Ch.4 Energy Enzymes lecture notes/flashcards-Honey Ortiz

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21 Terms

1

Energy

The ability to perform work, resulting from the movement and transfer of energy.

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2

Metabolism

The series of chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

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3

Enzymes

Protein catalysts found in cells that accelerate chemical reactions without being consumed.

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4

Kinetic Energy

Energy possessed by objects in motion.

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5

Potential Energy

Energy that is stored, often found in chemical bonds.

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6

Thermodynamics

The branch of science that investigates energy and energy transfer in physical matter.

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7

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Energy cannot be created or annihilated, only converted or transferred.

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8

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Energy spreads out spontaneously, resulting in increased entropy.

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9

Metabolic Pathway

A sequence of chemical reactions involved in the synthesis, modification, or breakdown of organic molecules.

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10

Catabolic Pathways

Processes that produce energy by decomposing larger molecules.

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11

Anabolic Pathways

Processes that consume energy to create larger molecules.

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12

Reactant

A substance that enters into a chemical reaction and undergoes change.

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13

Product

A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

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14

Activation Energy

The initial amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

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15

Active Site

The region on an enzyme where substrates attach and the reaction takes place.

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16

Induced Fit

The phenomenon where an enzyme changes shape slightly to accommodate a substrate.

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17

Competitive Inhibition

A situation in which an inhibitor competes with a substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

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18

Noncompetitive Inhibition

An inhibitor that attaches to a site on the enzyme other than the active site, changing its shape.

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19

Allosteric Site

A regulatory site on an enzyme where molecules can bind to modulate its activity.

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20

Lock and Key Model

A theory that explains how enzymes fit precisely with specific substrates.

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21

Substrate

The molecule that interacts with an enzyme in a reaction.

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