Motivation, Emotion, Personality 11-15 percent

Yerkes dodson law

The principle stating that increased arousal can enhance performance, but only up to a certain point, beyond which performance declines.

Hierarchy of needs

Abraham Maslow suggested that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs. Bottom-Up, Psychological needs, safety needs, belongingness & love needs, esteem needs, self actualization

Self-efficacy

A person's belief in their own capability to achieve success in a specific situation.

Self actualization

According to Hierarchy of Needs, it is fulfillment of one's potential and personal growth, where individuals accept themselves and pursue their goals independently.

Achievement motivation

The desire to succeed, particularly in comparison to others, often leading individuals to pursue challenging tasks.

Extrinsic motivation

Behavior driven by external rewards like money, grades, or praise.

Intrinsic motivation

Behavior motivated by internal rewards such as personal growth, fulfillment, or enjoyment.

Overjustification effect

When receiving external rewards for an activity decreases intrinsic motivation to engage in that activity.

Display rules

Guidelines within a social group dictating how emotions should be expressed in different situations.

James lange theory

Emotions occur from our body's response to stimuli

Schachter-singer two factor theory

Before feeling an emotion, a person experiences physiological arousal, which they then interpret based on their surroundings to label the emotion.

General adaptation syndrome

Refers to the body's three-stage response to stress, as observed and researched by Hans Selye. (Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion)

The ID

The primal part of our personality driven by immediate desires for pleasure.

The superego

Our internal moral compass, formed by societal norms and values, guiding judgment and aspirations.

The ego

The rational mediator between our primal desires (ID), societal standards (superego), and the real world, aiming for realistic outcomes.

defense mechanisms

Strategies used by the ego to alleviate anxiety by distorting reality or redirecting thoughts and feelings. (FREUD)

Repression

Pushing uncomfortable thoughts or memories out of our conscious mind.

Displacement

Redirecting negative emotions from their original source to a less threatening target.

Projection

Seeing our own undesirable traits in others instead of acknowledging them in ourselves.

Regression

Going back to behaviors typical of an earlier stage of development when faced with stress.

Denial

Refusing to accept or acknowledge a reality too difficult to handle

Rationalization

Justifying unacceptable behaviors or feelings with logical explanations that avoid the real reasons

Reaction Formation

Dealing with anxiety by adopting attitudes or behaviors opposite to our true feelings.

Sublimation

Channeling negative or unwanted feelings into positive and constructive behaviors.

Locus of Control

How much control someone feels they have over what happens in their life.

Internal Locus of Control

Believing you can control what happens to you.

External Locus of Control

Thinking outside factors control your life.

Five factor model

A theory that categorizes personality into five main traits

The barnum effect

People tend to believe vague personality descriptions apply to them specifically.

Homeostasis

The body's natural tendency to maintain internal stability, like keeping a consistent temperature and fluid balance. Example

Approach-Approach Conflict

A situation where a person struggles to choose between two attractive options.

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict

A dilemma where someone must pick between two equally unappealing alternatives.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

A conflict where a person grapples with a decision involving both desirable and undesirable aspects.