Common Blood Chemistry Test

steroid hormones, prostaglandins, leukotrienes & lipoxins

steroid hormones, prostaglandins, leukotrienes & lipoxins

Lipids are precursors for

rich source of energy & storage for excess calories

integral part of cell membrane

protection & insulation

General function of lipids

esterified

Fatty acids occur in ________ form (as building blocks for lipids), and free fatty acid form

glycerol, fatty acids

Triglycerides (triacylglycerols)

consists of 1 molecule of ______ esterified with 3 ________ molecules

liver

Triglycerides (triacylglycerols) present in dietary fat; synthesised in the _____ & adipose tissue

unsaturated

Cholesterol is _______ steroid alcohol; amphipathic lipid (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic)

bile acids, source of energy fuel

Cholesterol is the precursor of steroid hormones & _________; does not serve as a ___________

genetic abnormalities

environmental/lifestyle imbalances

secondary to other diseases

3 causes of dyslipidemias:

total cholesterol

HDL

LDL

triglycerides

4 different laboratory analyses for dyslipidemias:

Arteriosclerosis, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia

3 different lipid disorders

lipids, artery

Arteriosclerosis is the deposition of ______ (esterified cholesterol) in _____ walls

LDL

_____ → initiate & promote plaque formation in arteries

plaques, blood

Arteriosclerosis results in fatty streaks → _______ (smooth muscle cells, extracellular lipid, calcification & fibrous tissue) → partial or complete occulsion of ______ flow

genetic

Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia

associated with ______ abnormalities

monosaccharide

disaccharide

oligosaccharide

polysaccharide

4 Classification of carbohydrates:

-(e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose) -(e.g., lactose, maltose, sucrose) -(e.g., oligofructose, maltotriose) -(e.g., amylose, glycogen)

glycogen

Glucose is primarily stored as ______ in liver & muscle

hyperglycemia, insulin

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic _______ arise from defects in the secretion, or action of ______, or both

pancreatic islet B-cell, ketoacidosis

type 1 diabetes mellitus

___________ destruction

tendency to ________

insulin, secretory

type 2 diabetes mellitus

______ resistance

insulin _______ defect

glucose, metabolic

gestational diabetes mellitus

______ intolerance

________ & hormonal changes during pregnancy

glucose

Prediabetes

higher than normal blood ______ level, but insufficiently high to be considered as diabetes

reversible

Prediabetes is _____

type 1, insulin/medication

Hypoglycaemia is common among

particularly in ______ diabetic patients

type 2 diabetic patients who are on _______

red blood cells white blood cells haemoglobin haematocrit platelets mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Complete blood count measures and/or count:

polycythemia respiratory distress high altitude

increased level of RBCs may indicate:

iron anemia vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and/or folic acid anaemia haemorrhage liver & renal dysfunction

decreased level of RBCs may be a sign of:

inflammation, infection

elevated white blood cells count may indicate _________ or ________

autoimmune, bone marrow, cancers

low cell count of WBCs may indicate _______ diseases, b_________ disorders or ______

dehydration, emphysema, asthma, polycythemia

increased level of Hb may indicate:

iron deficiency anaemia, microscopic internal bleeding, digestive inflammation

decreased level of Hb may indicate:

packed

Hematocrit also known as _____ cell volume

atherosclerosis, rheumatoid/inflammatory arthiritis, certain cancers

increased level of platelets:

idiopathic thrombocytopenia, blood loss

decreased level of platelets:

red blood cell

Means Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is the volume in cubic microns occupied by an average single _______ basically size of ______

vitamin B12/folic acid, dehydration

↑ level (macrocytic RBCs): ________ anaemia, d_______

iron

↓ level (microcytic RBCs): _____ anaemia, microscopic internal bleeding