Unit 2 Quiz 3 (Minoans, Mycenaens, Archaic Greece)

Minoans

1. Sea-based traders centered on Crete; relied on trade for goods.

2. Palace of Knossos – no outer walls → felt safe, strong navy.

3. King Minos / Labyrinth – myth of Minotaur.

4. Thera (Santorini) – volcanic eruption (1629 BC) preserved frescoes.

5. Linear A – Minoan writing, undeciphered.

6. Art: Frescoes show bull-leaping, nature, sea life (not war).

7. Architecture: Earthquake-proof, columns unique to Crete.

Mycenaeans

Bronze Age Mainland Greece; Warrior society named after _______, citadel of ________

1. fortified city center, emphasis on military matters unlike _________

2. Linear B, adapted from Linear A, deciphered

3. Mask of Agamemnon, gold burial mask, shows wealth

4. Tholos Tombs, beehive-shaped tombs, tomb of atreus

5. Hierarchy: Wanax, Lawagetas, Governors, Gwasileis

6. Art/Architecture: influenced by ________, focus on war and power

7. Bronze Age Myths: Basis for heroes like Agamemnon, Hercules, Jason

Thera

Minoan; Island (modern Santorini) destroyed by volcanic eruption; gives us lots of info about Minoans, trade with Africa, Sea oriented people

Minos

Minoan; legendary king of Crete; associated with Knossos (large palace on Crete) 

Linear A

Minoan writing system; still undeciphered, shows early literacy

Linear B

Mycenaean; adapted script from Linear A; deciphered and resembles modern Greek, used for records and inventories

Tholos Tombs

Mycenaean; beehive shaped royal tombs built into hillsides; show wealth and monumental architecture

Tomb of Atreus

Mycenaean; largest tholos tomb at Mycenae;  best preserved of the nine tholos tombs found in Mycenae

Mask of Agamemnon

Mycenaean; gold funeral mask from a Mycenaen tomb; show that Mycenaean kings  were buried with their gold and wealth.

Wanax

Mycenaean; king, head of society

Lawagetas

Mycenaean; “leader of the people” (and sometimes troops), served under the king

Governors

Mycenaean;  supervise territories under the control of the wanax and lawagetas

Gwasileis

Mycenaean; Similar to town or village mayor. This title survives into later Greek eras, where it will eventually refer to those at the top of the hierarchy.

Mycenaean art

focused on warfare and power, had ivory, not native to Greece and shows trade, shows wealth

Mycenaean Architecture

massive fortifications, monumental tombs like Tholos Tomb

Bronze Age Mythology

Mycenaean; basis for later Greek myths considered the “Age of Heroes”

Ex: Jason and the Argonauts, Hercules, King Oedipus of Thebes, and Agamemnon

Collapse of Bronze Age Greece

Mycenaean; movement of various populations leads to collapse of Bronze Age political system, Greeks from north invade south, literacy disappears beginning the “dark age”

Hellene

Archaic Greece; mythical ancestor of all Greeks;  sons became the ancestors of the four main divisions of Greek

Greek Dialects

Archaic Greece;

Aeolian (North)

Ionic (Central)

Dorian (South)

show regional differences and shared roots

Greek Alphabet

Archaic Greece; replaces Linear B, adapted from Phoenicians with vowels

Greek Literature

Archaic Greece; poetry by Homer (Illiad & Odyssey) and Hesiod (Theogony & Works and Days)

Homer: Illiad and Odyssey

Archaic Greece; epic poems about Trojan War and Odysseus’s journey

Hesiod

Archaic Greece; Greek poet, most famous poem was Theogony about origins of the gods,

Works and Days

Archaic Greece; Hesiod’s farming and moral guide, 

Greek Religion

Archaic Greece; polytheistic belief system with gods on Mt. Olympus

Temples

Archaic Greece; structures are spread throughout Greece, built for Gods; reaffirm collective Greekness of people despite living in independent city states

Oracles

Archaic Greece; people or places giving prophecies, most famous is ________ at Delphi

Olympics

Archaic Greece;

1. had to be Greek to participate,

2. held to honor god Zeus,

3. males only

4. big parties after

Arete

Archaic Greece; concept of excellence in all things in life

Colonization

archaic Greece; founding new city-states abroad, solved overpopulation and expanded trade

how _________ lead to democracy:

1. colonizing=emigration

2. emigration=more trade

3. more trade= more wealth for traders

4. more wealth= rise in social status leading to demand for political equality

Phoenicians

Eastern Medi. peoples; in constant competition with Greeks for colonization, trade,  etc.

Democracy

Archaic Greece; rule by citizens

how ____________ was created:

1. Iron introduced to Greece, increased warfare, phalanx new way of fighting

2. Phalanx requires people

3. Lower classes recruited, they refuse (no property to lose)

4. poor demand political equality (DEMOCRACY) (poor say if given political equality they will fight)

Basileus

Archaic Greece; kings/monarchs that rule city states, was village mayor in Mycenaean times, became king or prince in archaic period

Aristocracy

Archaic Greece; rule by elite, “best citizens”, replaced monarchies with noble rule

Oligarchy

Archaic Greece; rule by a few powerful people, evolved to rule by _______ over monarchs

Labyrinth

Minoan; mythical maze beneath Knossos

Frescoes

Minoan/Mycenaean; wall paintings depicting life, nature and rituals

Phalanx

Tight infantry formation

Lion’s Gate of Mycenae

entrance to citadel of Mycenae, lions protecting the entrance

List: Minoan

1. Thera,

2. Minos,

3. Knossos,

4. Linear A

List: Mycenaean

1. Citadel of Myceane,

2. Linear B,

3. Tholos Tombs,

4. Treasurey of Atreus,

5. Mask of Agamemnon,

6. Hierarchy,

7. warrior art and architecture,

8. age of heroes + mythology

List: Archaic

1. Hellene,

2. Dialects,

3. Alphabet,

4. Homer (Illiad + Odyssey),

5. Hesiod (Theogony + Works and Days)

6. religion standardized,

7. temples,

8. oracles,

9. olympics,

10. arete 

11. Democracy

12. Colonization

13. Aristocracy

14. Oligarchy

What makes Greece Greek?

1. Heleene- common ancestor

2. Language / Dialects

3. Alphabet

4. Literature

5. Religion: Gods, Temples, Oracles

6. Olympics

7. Arete