Chapter 24- Speciation

Postzygotic （

________ "er- zygote "） isolation, in which the hybrid offspring of matings between members of different species either do not survive or do not reproduce.

Systematics

________ is the discipline of biology that characterizes and classifies the relationships among all organisms on Earth.

Vicariance

________ is the physical splitting of a habitat.

Biogeography

________ is the study of how species and populations are distributed geographically.

Speciation

________ by polyploidization is driven by chromosome- level mutations and occurs in sympatry.

Dispersal

________ is the movement of individuals from one place to another.

Allopolyploid

________ " (different many- form) "individuals are created when parents of different species mate and then an error in mitosis occurs, resulting in viable, non sterile offspring with two full sets of chromosome.

Autopolyploid

________ " (same- many- form) "individuals are produced when a mutation results in a doubling of chromosome number and the chromosomes all come from the same species.

Taxonomy

________ is the practice of describing, naming, and classifying individual species.

hybrid zone

A(n) ________ is a geographic area where interbreeding occurs and hybrid offspring are common.

ancestral population

A monophyletic group, also called a clade or lineage, consists of a(n) ________, all of its descendants, and only those descendants.

group of populations

A species is defined as an evolutionarily independent population or ________.

Biological species concept

the main criterion for identifying species is reproductive isolation.

Prezygotic isolation

which prevents individuals of different species from mating successfully

Postzygotic isolation

in which the hybrid offspring of matings between members of different species either do not survive or do not reproduce.

morphospecies (“form-species”) concept

researchers identify evolutionarily independent lineages by differences in size, shape, or other morphological features.

Species

Defined as an evolutionary independent population or groups of populations