Lipids

What make up triglycerides

3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule

Glycerol formula

What bonds are formed in triglycerides

Ester bonds

What is lost during the reaction of three fatty acids and glycerol

3 lots of water

Formula of a triglyceride

COOH(CH2)nCH3

Saturated triglycerides have what kind of bond

Single carbon bonds

Where are saturated triglycerides dound

In animal products

What is the MP of suturated compared to unsaturated triglycerides

Saturated have a higher mp at room temp

Bonds in unsaturated triglycerides

Double carbon bonds

Why are unsaturated triglycerides liquid at room temperature

The double bonds cause the chain to bend so is less compact, also have a lower mp than saturated

Monounsaturated

1 double bond

Polyunsaturated

2 or more double bonds

Where are unsaturated triglycerides found

Plant products

Phopholipids

Modified triglycerides

What elements are in phospholipids

Phosphorous,carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

What is found in the cytoplasm of every cell

Inorganic phosphate PO4 3- ions that are soluble in water

Difference between triglycerides and p phospholipids

a fatty acid chain in a triglyceride is replaced by a phosphate group to make it a phospholipid

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic

Tail

What part of the phospholipid is hydrophillic

Heads

What can phospholipids form

Bilaterales, micelles

Functions of phospholioids

Regulate membrane permeability, involved i absorption of fat from intestines, help in electron transport in mitochondria and prevent accumulation of fat in liver, remove cholesterol from cells, form structural components of cell mme

What are 2 properties of triglycerides that make them good storage structures

Large insoluble molecules so don’t affect the water balance, can be used in respiration for energy rather than glucose

Structure of sterols

4 carbon rings with hydroxyl at one end

What are sterols also known as

Sterol alcohols

Examples the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of sterols

Have dual hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics- OH group is polar so hydrophilic and the rest are hydrophobic

Examples of sterols

Sex hormones, cholesterol

What does cholesterol get converted into

Vitamin D, bile and steroid hormones

What is cholesterol used in

Formation of cell membrane- between phospholipids with hydroxyl group at periphery edge- gives stability to membrane, keeps it fluid at low temps

What does sterols help to form

Lipid ordered lipid domains that play and important role in the biological processes such as cytoskeleton reorganisation and infectious diseases